Breakdown of Mies ei juossut tänään, koska lihas on kipeä.
olla
to be
mies
man
koska
because
ei
no / not (negative verb)
Questions & Answers about Mies ei juossut tänään, koska lihas on kipeä.
How is the word juossut formed from the verb juosta (to run)?
Juosta is a Type 3 verb. To make the active past participle, you take the consonant stem juos- and add the ending -nut. Because saying "juosnut" is difficult, the n changes to match the s before it. This consonant assimilation gives us the double consonant in juossut.
Why do we use juossut here instead of the regular past tense form juoksi?
Because the sentence is negative! In Finnish, the negative past tense is always formed with the negative verb (here, ei) plus the past participle form (which usually ends in -nut, -nyt, or an assimilated double consonant like -ssut). You only use juoksi for the positive past tense, like in mies juoksi (the man ran).
If juosta becomes juossut, how do I know which double consonant to use for other Type 3 verbs?