Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

In this lesson, you will discuss physical fitness, exercise routines, and warming up at the gym. You will also continue learning the past participle singular, focusing on Verb Types 3, 4, and 5.

Remember that the past participle is used in both the perfect tense (paired with the helper verb olla) and the negative past tense (paired with the negative verb ei).

Verb Type 3: Consonant Assimilation

For Verb Type 3 (verbs ending in -lla/-llä, -nna/-nnä, -rra/-rrä, or -sta/-stä), drop the final two letters from the dictionary form to find the stem. When you add the past participle ending (-nut or -nyt), the n assimilates to match the final consonant of the stem (l, n, r, or s). This results in a double consonant: -llut/-llyt, -nnut/-nnyt, -rrut/-rryt, or -ssut/-ssyt.

Verb Types 4 and 5: Drop -ta / -tä + -nnut / -nnyt

For Verb Types 4 (verbs ending in -ata, -ota, -uta, etc.) and 5 (verbs ending in -ita / -itä), the rule is straightforward. Drop the final -ta or -tä from the dictionary form, and add -nnut or -nnyt directly to the remaining stem.

Gym and Fitness Vocabulary

Now you can combine these new participle forms with vocabulary for the gym, muscles, and workouts to talk about your exercise routine and results.