Breakdown of کماندارها دفاع از بارو را به عهده گرفتند.
ازaz
from
راrâ
definite direct object marker
دفاع کردنdefâ' kardan
to defend
باروbâru
rampart / fortification wall
کماندارkamândâr
archer
به عهده گرفتنbe ohde gereftan
to take on, to assume responsibility for
Questions & Answers about کماندارها دفاع از بارو را به عهده گرفتند.
The lesson teaches به عهده with a copula like است. Why does this sentence use گرفتند?
Using the verb گرفتن (to take) changes the phrase from describing a state to describing an action. While به عهده کسی است means 'it is someone's responsibility', the compound verb به عهده گرفتن means 'to take on the responsibility' or 'to assume a task'.
The lesson topic uses an ezāfe as in به عهدهِ (be ohde-ye). Why is there no ezāfe here?
Because the direct object of the action, دفاع از بارو (defense of the rampart), is placed before the verb and marked with را. If the object came directly after the verb phrase, you would use an ezāfe instead and drop the را, making it: به عهده گرفتنِ دفاع از بارو.
Why do we use the preposition از after دفاع instead of an ezāfe to say 'defense of'?
In Farsi, the concept of defending requires the preposition از (from). Whether you use the noun دفاع (defense) or the verb دفاع کردن (to defend), you connect it to the thing being protected with از, never an ezāfe. You are literally saying 'defense from the rampart'.
What are the root components of the word کماندارها?
It is made up of کمان (bow) and the suffix دار (holder or possessor, derived from the present stem of the verb داشتن). Together they form کماندار (archer), and ها simply makes it plural.
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