Question 1

Why isn't there a be after eqdâm in this sentence, since the lesson is about eqdâm be?

Accepted Answer

In this sentence, eqdâm is simply acting as a regular subject noun meaning "measure" or "step," connected to u (his) with an Ezafe. You use the construction eqdâm be when stating what specific action the person is proceeding to do (e.g., "he took action to leave"). Here, we are just defining the nature of the measure itself, so the preposition be is not needed.

Question 2

The words eqdâm and 'amal can both translate to "action" or "act." Why use two different words here?

Accepted Answer

While they are close synonyms, eqdâm specifically implies a deliberate "measure," "step," or "initiative" taken toward a goal or in response to a situation. 'Amal is a broader, more general word for a "deed" or "act." The sentence is essentially saying that the specific step he took (eqdâm) qualified as a lawful deed ('amal).

Question 3

How is the adjective qânuni (legal) formed?

Accepted Answer

It is built from the noun qânun (law) plus the relational suffix -i. Adding this suffix is a very productive and common way to turn a noun into an adjective in Farsi. It literally means "related to the law" or "lawful."

Question 4

Just as a quick refresher, where are the unseen Ezafe vowels in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

There are two. The first connects the noun to its possessor: eqdâm-e u (his measure). The second connects the noun to its adjective: 'amal-e qânuni (legal act). Notice that yek (a/one) sits at the front of the noun phrase and does not take an Ezafe itself.

اقدام او یک عمل قانونی بود.

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