Question 1

Why is there no word for "to be" in the second part of the sentence?

Accepted Answer

This is a classic "small clause" structure used with verbs of consideration like pendâshtan (to consider/suppose). The definite direct object ân râ is followed immediately by the bare adjective kam-nazir (unparalleled). You don't need a connecting verb; the phrase works exactly like the English "they considered it unparalleled."

Question 2

Why does the first half of the sentence end with the past participle kardeh instead of a conjugated verb?

Accepted Answer

In Farsi, you can use the past participle to connect sequential actions performed by the same subject. Instead of saying "they found the ruby and they considered it..." (using peydâ kardand va), you use kardeh to mean "having found." This makes the sentence flow more smoothly and is very common in written Farsi.

Question 3

What is the literal breakdown of the word kam-nazir?

Accepted Answer

It is a compound adjective made of kam (little/few) and nazir (like/match/peer). Literally meaning "having few matches," it is widely used in intermediate and advanced Farsi to mean "rare," "unrivaled," or "unparalleled."

Question 4

Why do we need râ twice in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

Each clause has its own definite direct object that needs marking. In the first clause, the object is the specific ruby (yâqut-e bi-rang râ). In the second clause, the pronoun ân (it) acts as the direct object of pendâshtand (they considered), so it requires its own râ.

یاقوت بی‌رنگ را پیدا کرده، آن را کم‌نظیر پنداشتند.

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