Question 1

Why is bi-bahâ placed right after ân râ without any linking words?

Accepted Answer

This is the core of this lesson's grammar: predicative complements. With verbs of consideration like pendâshtan (to consider), you place the direct object and its marker (ân râ) immediately before the adjective or noun that describes it (bi-bahâ). In English, we say considered it worthless, and Farsi does the exact same thing without needing extra linking words like to be or as.

Question 2

The lesson focuses on verbs like dânestan and shemordan. How does mi-pendâsht fit in?

Accepted Answer

The verb mi-pendâsht comes from pendâshtan (to suppose or consider). It acts just like dânestan in this context. It is a transitive verb that evaluates a direct object, making it perfectly suited for structures where you assign a quality to an object, such as considering a gem worthless.

Question 3

The English translation says would have considered, but mi-pendâsht looks like the past continuous tense. Why is this tense used?

Accepted Answer

In Farsi, past unreal conditionals (talking about a hypothetical scenario that did not happen in the past) use the past perfect for the if-clause (dide bud meaning had seen) and the past continuous for the result clause (mi-pendâsht). Here, the mi- prefix attached to the past stem shows a hypothetical past outcome, rather than a continuous past action.

Question 4

How is the word nâkhâlesi (impurity) built?

Accepted Answer

It is made of three parts. The base word khâles means pure. The prefix nâ- makes it negative, so nâkhâles means impure. Finally, the suffix -i turns the adjective into a noun, giving us nâkhâlesi which means impurity.

اگر گوهرشناس این ناخالصی را دیده بود، آن را بی‌بها می‌پنداشت.

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