Breakdown of ترساندنش اضطراب و بیشفعالی کودک را بیشتر میکند.
او
he/she
و
and
کردنkardan
to do / to make
راrâ
definite direct object marker
ترساندنtarsândan
to scare
بیشترbishtar
more / most (of)
اضطرابezterâb
anxiety (clinical/formal)
بیشفعالیbish-fa'âli
hyperactivity
کودکkudak
child (formal)
Questions & Answers about ترساندنش اضطراب و بیشفعالی کودک را بیشتر میکند.
Why do we use the possessive ending -ash in tarsāndan-ash if it means "frightening him"?
In Farsi, when you use a long infinitive like tarsāndan (to frighten) as a noun, its logical direct object is often attached as a possessive enclitic. Since the infinitive acts like a noun phrase ("the frightening of him"), the possessive -ash represents "him". It is a much more natural and seamless way to say "frightening him" than using a separate pronoun like tarsāndan-e u.
I know tarsidan means "to be afraid". How does it become tarsāndan here?
tarsāndan is the causative form of tarsidan. In Farsi, you can often make a verb causative (meaning "to make someone do a verb") by taking the present stem (here, tars-) and adding -āndan or -ānidan. So, tars- (fear) plus -āndan becomes "to make someone fear" or "to frighten".
The sentence starts with tarsāndan-ash (frightening him), but the child (kudak) isn't mentioned until later. Is this normal word order?
Yes! This is a forward-referencing pronoun, which is completely natural and common in Farsi. The -ash acts as a sneak peek that refers forward to kudak (the child) later in the sentence. You could also say tarsāndan-e kudak (frightening the child) at the beginning, but using the pronoun first avoids repeating the noun and flows very smoothly.
Why does rā come after kudak instead of right after the things being increased (anxiety and hyperactivity)?
The object marker rā must go at the very end of the entire noun phrase that acts as the definite direct object. The direct object here isn't just "anxiety and hyperactivity", but specifically "the anxiety and hyperactivity of the child" (ezterāb va bish-fa'āli-ye kudak). Therefore, rā is placed right at the end of that whole chain.
How does the word bish-fa'āli break down to mean "hyperactivity"?
It is made of three parts: bish (more/excessive), fa'āl (active), and the suffix -i which turns adjectives into abstract nouns (similar to "-ity" or "-ness" in English). Put together, it literally translates to "over-active-ness" or hyperactivity.
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