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How does afzun bar in literally translate, and is it completely interchangeable with be alâveh?
Afzun comes from the verb for 'to increase', so afzun bar in literally means 'added upon this' or 'in addition to this'. It works exactly like be alâveh (moreover / furthermore) as a sentence connector, and you can freely swap them here. Afzun bar in sounds slightly more formal or literary, but both are highly standard.
Could I say darbāre-ye ān instead of darbāre-ash?
Yes, darbāre-ye ān (about that/it) is perfectly correct. Using the attached pronoun -ash directly on the preposition darbāre (making darbāre-ash) is very common in both spoken and written Farsi because it flows faster.
Why is the verb nemidānam negative when the English translation says 'I know nothing'?
Farsi requires double negatives. Whenever you use a negative word like hich-chiz (nothing), the verb must also be negative. Saying hich-chiz midānam would be grammatically incorrect.
I know rang means color. How is the word rangrazi (dyeing) formed?
It comes from rang (color/dye) plus the present stem of the verb rixtan (to pour, which becomes -raz in certain compounds), making rangraz (dyer). Adding the -i suffix turns it into the noun for the activity, so rangrazi means 'dyeing' or the dyeing business.

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