Breakdown of ورزشکار محروم شد بدون اینکه تقاضای تجدیدنظر کند.
ورزشکارvarzeshkâr
athlete
بدون اینکهbedun-e inke
without (doing something)
تقاضا کردنtaqâzâ kardan
to request (formally)
محروم شدن
Questions & Answers about ورزشکار محروم شد بدون اینکه تقاضای تجدیدنظر کند.
Like the official stipulations in this lesson, why does this sentence end with the formal subjunctive کند?
Just as with formal rulings, the conjunction بدون اینکه (bedūn-e inke, meaning "without") always triggers the subjunctive because it describes an action that did not actually happen. You'll also notice it uses the formal written form کند (konad) rather than the colloquial کنه (kone), which perfectly matches the official, journalistic tone of an athlete's suspension.
Why does the sentence use بدون اینکه instead of just بدون?
In Farsi, بدون (bedūn-e) is a preposition that must be followed directly by a noun or pronoun (e.g., "without a lawyer"). When you want to say "without doing something"—which requires a full clause with a conjugated verb—you must use بدون اینکه (literally "without this that") to bridge the main sentence and the subjunctive clause.
How does the phrase تقاضای تجدیدنظر break down literally?
It translates to "request of renewal of view." تقاضا (taqāzā) means "request," linked by the Ezāfe (-y) to تجدیدنظر (tajdid-e nazar). This second part is a common formal compound noun made of تجدید (renewal or revision) and نظر (view or opinion). In official and legal contexts, it is the standard term for an "appeal."
Is محروم شد acting as a passive verb here?
Yes, it is the passive equivalent of a compound verb. محروم (mahrūm) means "deprived" or "banned." By pairing it with the auxiliary (shodan, "to become"), it forms the passive "was suspended." If you wanted to specify suspended the athlete (using the active voice), you would use the verb (mahrūm kardan, "to suspend/deprive").