Breakdown of گزارش توسط تهیهکننده خوانده شده بود.
بودنbudan
to be
خواندنkhândan
to read / to study (a subject)
گزارشgozâresh
report
شدنshodan
to become
توسطtavassot-e
by (agent)
تهیهکنندهtahiyye-konande
producer
Questions & Answers about گزارش توسط تهیهکننده خوانده شده بود.
How does the agent suffix work in the word تهیهکننده?
تهیهکننده (producer) is a compound agent noun. It combines the noun تهیه (preparation or production) with the word کننده (doer). کننده is formed by taking the present stem of the verb کردن (to do/make) — which is کن — and adding the agent suffix نده. Literally, it translates to "production-doer"!
How would you make تهیهکننده plural if there were multiple producers?
Because تهیهکننده refers to a profession or a person, it typically takes the formal animate plural suffix ان rather than just ها. Since the word ends in a silent "e" (the letter ه), a "g" sound is added to bridge the gap, making it تهیهکنندگان (tahiye-konandegân).
If we know the producer read the report, why use the passive voice with توسط instead of an active sentence?
In everyday spoken Farsi, people usually prefer the active voice if the doer is known (e.g., "The producer had read the report"). However, in formal writing, news, or business contexts—which a گزارش (report) strongly implies—the passive voice is very common. The word توسط (by / by means of) is the standard way to introduce the "doer" in these formal passive sentences.
What tense is خوانده شده بود and how is it constructed?
This is the past perfect passive tense, meaning "had been read." It is built using three parts: the past participle of the main verb خواندن (to read), which is خوانده; the past participle of the passive helper verb شدن (to become), which is شده; and finally the simple past of "to be" for the third-person singular, which is بود.
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