Breakdown of والدین سختگیر اجازه نمیدهند نوجوان درس نخواند.
درس خواندنdars khândan
to study
سختگیرsakht-gir
strict
اجازه دادنejâze dâdan
to allow
والدینvâledeyn
parents
نوجوانnowjavân
teenager
اجازهejâze
permission
Questions & Answers about والدین سختگیر اجازه نمیدهند نوجوان درس نخواند.
Why is the second verb نخواند (nakhânad) instead of نمیخواند (nemi-khânad), and where is the subjunctive be- prefix?
After verbs of permission like اجازه دادن (ejâze dâdan), the main action must be in the subjunctive mood. Normally, the present subjunctive uses the prefix be- (like بخواند, bekhânad). However, because this specific action is negative ("not study"), the negative prefix na- completely replaces the be- prefix, giving us نخواند.
There is no word for "to" or "that" between the two halves of the sentence. Are we missing a connecting word?
In Farsi, when a verb like اجازه دادن introduces a new subjunctive clause, the conjunction که (ke, meaning "that") is very often dropped to make the sentence flow faster. The complete, underlying structure is اجازه نمیدهند [که] نوجوان درس نخواند (they do not permit [that] the teenager not study).
If the English translation says "let the teenager", why doesn't نوجوان (nojavan) have the object marker را (râ) or the preposition به (be)?
This highlights a major difference between English and Farsi! English uses an object followed by an infinitive ("let the teenager study"). Farsi uses a new mini-sentence with its own subject and a conjugated verb ("permit that the teenager studies"). Because نوجوان is the acting subject of the second verb (درس نخواند) and not the direct object of the first verb, it doesn't take an object marker.
How is the adjective سختگیر (sakht-gir) built?
It is a compound word made of سخت (sakht - hard/difficult) and گیر (gir), which is the present stem of the verb گرفتن (gereftan - to take or catch). A strict person is literally described as a "hard-taker" in Farsi!
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