Questions & Answers about آنها از کشته شدن و انقراض میترسند.
How does koshte shodan translate to "being killed" in this sentence?
It is a passive infinitive acting as a verbal noun. It combines koshte, the past participle of koshtan (to kill), with the infinitive shodan (to become). Because it follows the preposition az, it acts as a noun phrase meaning "being killed" rather than a conjugated verb.
Why do we use az here when the English translation says "afraid of"?
The Farsi verb tarsidan (to be afraid) requires the preposition az (from). In Farsi, you are literally afraid "from" something. Because of this rule, both koshte shodan (being killed) and engheraaz (extinction) are introduced by az.
Could we conjugate shodan here instead of leaving it as an infinitive?
No, because it is the object of a preposition. Prepositions like az need to be followed by nouns or noun equivalents. By keeping shodan in its infinitive form, it turns the passive action into a noun phrase, allowing it to sit right next to the regular noun engheraaz (extinction).
What is the root of the verb mitarsand and why does it have the mi- prefix?
The infinitive is tarsidan (to fear), and its present stem is tars. As a quick refresher, the mi- prefix is added to the present stem to show a continuous or habitual state in the present tense (they are afraid). The suffix is the third-person plural ending, matching the subject .