Breakdown of مسافری که ساکش پیدا شد، به اداره مراجعه کرد و ادعا کرد که آن ارزشمند است.
است
is
و
and
آن
that
بهbe
to
Questions & Answers about مسافری که ساکش پیدا شد، به اداره مراجعه کرد و ادعا کرد که آن ارزشمند است.
How does this sentence say 'whose bag' if there isn't a specific Farsi word for 'whose'?
This is the standard way Farsi builds possessive relative clauses. Instead of a single word for 'whose', it uses که (that) plus a possessive ending on the noun. Here, مسافری که ساکش literally translates to 'the passenger that his bag'. The -ی on مسافر marks it as the noun being described, که links the clause, and the -ش on ساک means 'his/her'.
The word که is used twice in this sentence. Do they serve the same purpose?
No, they have two different jobs here. The first که acts as a relative pronoun linking the passenger to a descriptive clause (the passenger whose bag...). The second که is a conjunction meaning 'that', used to introduce the content of his claim (ادعا کرد که meaning 'claimed that').
Why do we use the preposition به before اداره (office)? Doesn't he just 'visit' it?
The verb used here is مراجعه کردن (to visit / to refer to). In Farsi, this compound verb always requires the preposition به (to) to show where the person is going. It is often used for official or formal visits, like going to a government office or a doctor.
I know پیدا کردن means 'to find', but why is it پیدا شد here?
پیدا شد is the passive form. To make many compound verbs passive in Farsi, you change (to do/make) to (to become). So while would mean 'he found', means 'it was found' (or literally, 'became found').