Breakdown of امیدوارم درخت نیفتد.
درختderakht
tree
امیدوار بودنomidvâr budan
to hope
افتادنoftâdan
to fall
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Questions & Answers about امیدوارم درخت نیفتد.
How do we form the negative subjunctive verb in نیفتد?
Normally, you make the present subjunctive by adding the prefix بـ (be-) to the present stem. To make it negative, you simply replace the بـ with نـ (na- or ne-). So here we have the negative prefix نـ + the present stem for "to fall" (افت) + the 3rd person singular ending ـَد (-ad).
Why is there a ی in نیفتد if the stem is just افت?
When you attach a prefix like نـ (na-) to a verb stem that begins with the vowel ا (alef), like افت (oft), the two vowels clash. To fix this, Farsi drops the ا and inserts a ی (y) to act as a bridge. So, instead of "na-oftad", it is spelled and pronounced نیفتد (nioftad / nayoftad).
Why do we use the subjunctive form for "fall" here?
The sentence starts with امیدوارم (I hope). Because hoping expresses a wish or something uncertain about the future, the verb that follows it must be in the subjunctive mood (the form used for wishes, possibilities, and doubts) rather than the regular present tense.
Why isn't there a word for "that" connecting the two halves of the sentence?
In English, we can say "I hope that the tree does not fall" or simply "I hope the tree does not fall." Farsi is exactly the same! You could include the word که (ke) right after امیدوارم, but it is completely optional and very often dropped in natural speech.