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### Verbs of Consideration

When you want to say that someone "considers X to be Y" or "reckons X as Y", Farsi uses a specific sentence structure called a predicative complement. 

Because the object being evaluated (X) is usually a specific person or thing, it takes the definite object marker **را**. The complement (Y) — which describes the object — follows immediately after **را** as a bare noun or adjective. 

The structure looks like this:
**[Subject] + [Definite Direct Object + را] + [Bare Complement] + [Verb]**

Here are three common transitive verbs used for this purpose:

| Infinitive | Meaning | Present Stem | Past Stem |
|---|---|---|---|
| دانستن | to consider / to know | دان | دانست |
| پنداشتن | to consider / to suppose | پندار | پنداشت |
| شمردن | to reckon / to count | شمار | شمرد |

Let's look at how gemologists use this structure to evaluate precious stones. Notice how the adjectives describing the gems stand bare right before the verb:

{{item:817896}}

{{item:817912}}

{{item:817904}}

### Grading and Purity

When grading (**درجه‌بندی**) a diamond or precious stone, an appraiser looks at the carat (**عیار**) and checks for any impurities (**ناخالصی**). Based on these factors, they will consider the stone to be anything from unparalleled to colorless (**بی‌رنگ**) or even worthless (**بی‌بها**).

Here is how you can use our verbs of consideration alongside this vocabulary:

{{item:817900}}

{{item:817908}}

This structure is consistent even when the object is plural or modified by other adjectives. Just ensure the **را** comes after the entire object noun phrase, leaving the complement bare before the verb:

{{item:817910}}

{{item:817913}}

Verbs of consideration (râ ... midânand)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
gemologist	گوهرشناسgowharshenâs
gem	گوهرgohar
unparalleled (having few equals)	کم‌نظیرkam-nazir
to consider (X to be Y)	دانستنdânestan
The gemologists consider this gem unparalleled.	گوهرشناسان این گوهر را کم‌نظیر می‌دانند.gowhar-shenâsân in gowhar râ kam-nazir midânand.
grading	درجه‌بندیdaraje-bandi
worthless	بی‌بهاbi-bahâ
to consider	پنداشتنpendâshtan
According to the new grading, they consider this diamond worthless.	بر اساس درجه‌بندی جدید، این الماس را بی‌بها می‌پندارند.bar asâs-e darajebandi-ye jadid, in almâs râ bibahâ mipendârand.
impurity	ناخالصیnâ-khâlesi
dull / opaque	کدرkadar
to reckon / consider (X to be Y)	شمردنshomordan
Because of the impurities, the appraiser reckoned that ruby dull.	به دلیل ناخالصی‌ها، ارزیاب آن یاقوت را کدر شمرد.be dalil-e nâkhâlesi-hâ, arzyâb ân yâqut râ kadar shomord.
If the gemologist had seen this impurity, he would have considered it worthless.	اگر گوهرشناس این ناخالصی را دیده بود، آن را بی‌بها می‌پنداشت.agar gowharshenâs in nâkhâlesi râ dide bud, ân râ bibahâ mipendâsht.
carat / purity	عیارayyâr
colorless	بی‌رنگbi-rang
Having checked the carat, they consider this diamond colorless.	عیار را بررسی کرده، این الماس را بی‌رنگ می‌دانند.eyâr râ barresi karde, in almâs râ birang midânand.
According to the guideline, they reckon this carat standard.	طبق دستورالعمل، این عیار را استاندارد می‌شمارند.tebq-e dastur-ol-amal, in ayâr râ estândârd mishomârand.
The gemologists reckon the dull gems worthless.	گوهرشناسان گوهرهای کدر را بی‌بها می‌شمارند.gowhar-shenâsân gowharhâ-ye kadar râ bibahâ mishomârand.
Having found the colorless ruby, they considered it unparalleled.	یاقوت بی‌رنگ را پیدا کرده، آن را کم‌نظیر پنداشتند.yâqut-e bi-rang râ peydâ karde, ân râ kam-nazir pendâshtand.
The appraiser considered this gem dull.	ارزیاب این گوهر را کدر پنداشت.arzyâb in gohar râ kadar pendâsht.
According to the grading, they consider this colorless gem unparalleled.	بر اساس درجه‌بندی، این گوهر بی‌رنگ را کم‌نظیر می‌دانند.bar asâs daraje-bandi, in gohar birang râ kam-nazir midânand.
to take into account, to consider	در نظر گرفتنdar nazar gereftan
The gemologist takes the carat into account.	گوهرشناس عیار را در نظر می‌گیرد.gowhar-shenâs 'eyâr râ dar nazar mi-girad.
In the grading they took the impurity into account.	در درجه‌بندی، ناخالصی را در نظر گرفتند.dar darajebandi, nâkhâlesi râ dar nazar gereftand.

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