Quoting sources (be gofte-ye / be naql az)

According to: به گفته‌ی

To attribute statements, opinions, or facts to a specific source, Farsi frequently uses the phrase به گفته‌ی (according to / in the words of).

This phrase ends with the ezafe (the ی), which directly links it to the noun or name that follows. It is typically placed at the very beginning of the sentence to establish the source of the information right away.

Quoting from: به نقل از

Another common way to cite a source—especially in journalism, critiques, or formal contexts—is به نقل از (quoting from).

Unlike the previous phrase, this marker uses the preposition از (from) to connect to the source instead of the ezafe.

Expanding the Source Description

Sources are rarely just a single name. Both به گفته‌ی and به نقل از can easily attach to longer descriptions, titles, or compound phrases.