Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Expressing Opposition: بر خلاف

When discussing unconventional ideas, breaking stereotypes, or taking risks, use the compound preposition بر خلاف to state that an action or situation is "unlike" or "contrary to" the norm. It connects to the following noun with an Ezafe (*-e*).

{{item:820214}}

{{item:820222}}

### In Conflict With: مغایر با

Another formal way to express opposition is مغایر با, meaning "contrary to" or "inconsistent with." Instead of an Ezafe, it connects to the following noun using the preposition با (with).

{{item:820219}}

{{item:820226}}

### Flexible Placement

These prepositional phrases are flexible. They frequently appear at the beginning of a sentence to establish contrast immediately, but they can also act as a descriptive aside or the main predicate.

{{item:820227}}

{{item:820224}}

Prepositions of opposition (bar khalâf-e, moghâyer bâ)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
unlike / contrary to	بر خلافbar khelâf-e
stereotype	کلیشهkelishe
risk-taking	ریسک‌پذیرrisk-pazir
Unlike the aforementioned stereotype, he is a very risk-taking manager.	بر خلاف کلیشه‌ی مذکور، او مدیر بسیار ریسک‌پذیری است.bar khelâf-e kelishe-ye mazkur, u modir-e besyâr risk-paziri ast.
contrary to / in conflict with (inconsistent with)	مغایر باmoghâyer bâ
routine / normal course (procedure)	روالravâl
customary / conventional	مرسومmarsum
unusual / unconventional (abnormal)	غیرعادیgheyr-'âdi
Contrary to conventional routine, the manager makes this unusual decision.	مغایر با روال مرسوم، مدیر این تصمیم غیرعادی را می‌گیرد.moghâyer bâ ravâl-e marsum, modir in tasmim-e gheyr-âdi râ migirad.
tradition	سنتsonnat
boldly / daringly	جسورانهjasurâne
Unlike old traditions, unconventional projects are accepted boldly.	بر خلاف سنت‌های قدیمی، پروژه‌های غیرعادی جسورانه پذیرفته می‌شوند.bar kholâf-e sonnat-hâye qadimi, porozheh-hâye gheyre âdi jasurâneh pazirofte mishavand.
preconception / prejudice	پیش‌داوریpishdâvari
It has been years that her actions are contrary to common preconceptions.	سال‌هاست که اقدامات او مغایر با پیش‌داوری‌های رایج است.sâl-hâ-st ke eqdâmât-e u moghâyer bâ pish-dâvari-hâ-ye râyej ast
It has been months that, contrary to the aforementioned tradition, the routine is changing.	ماه‌هاست که مغایر با سنت مذکور، روال تغییر می‌کند.mâh-hâst ke moghâyer bâ sonnat-e mazkur, ravâl taghyir mikonad.
Contrary to society's preconception, this stereotype is completely wrong.	مغایر با پیش‌داوری جامعه، این کلیشه کاملاً غلط است.moghâyer bâ pish-dâvari jâme'e, in kelishe kâmelan ghalat ast.
Unconventional ideas, unlike conventional methods, are successful.	ایده‌های غیرعادی، بر خلاف روش‌های مرسوم، موفق هستند.ide-hâye gheyr-e âdi, bar khalâf-e ravesh-hâye marsum, movaffagh hastand.
The aforementioned routine is contrary to the new laws of the country.	روال نام‌برده مغایر با قوانین جدید کشور است.ravâl-e nâm-borde moghâyer bâ qavânin-e jadid-e keshvar ast.
Unlike conventional traditions, bold choices are always attractive.	بر خلاف سنت‌های مرسوم، انتخاب‌های جسورانه همیشه جذاب هستند.bar kholâf-e sonnat-hâ-ye marsum, entekhâb-hâ-ye jasurâne hamishe jazzâb hastand.
A risk-taking team creates a new path without prejudice.	یک تیم ریسک‌پذیر، بدون پیش‌داوری، مسیر جدیدی خلق می‌کند.yek tim risk-pazir, bedun-e pish-dâvari, masir-e jadidi khalq mikonad.
It has been weeks that this stereotype is being broken.	هفته‌هاست که این کلیشه شکسته می‌شود.haftehâst ke in kelishe shekaste mishavad.