To provide specific examples of a broader category (like clues or puzzles), Farsi uses prepositions of exemplification, similar to "such as" or "including".
Giving Examples with از قبیل
The phrase از قبیل translates to "such as" or "including". Place it directly after the general category and right before the specific examples. It takes the ezafe vowel to link to the following noun phrase.
Structure: [Category] + از قبیل + [Specific Examples]
| In the room, there are hidden items such as a mirror and a box. | در اتاق، وسایل مخفی از قبیل آینه و جعبه وجود دارد.dar otâq, vasâyel-e makhfi az qabil-e âyene va ja'be vojud dârad. |
| Tools such as magnets are hidden in the room. | ابزارهایی از قبیل آهنربا در اتاق مخفی هستند.abzârhâyi az qabile âhanrobâ dar otâq makhfi hastand. |
Giving Examples with نظیر
The preposition نظیر ("such as" or "like") functions identically to از قبیل.
| We like visual clues such as colors. | ما سرنخهای بصری نظیر رنگها را دوست داریم.mâ sarnakh-hâ-ye basari nazir rang-hâ râ dust dârim. |
| Physical mechanisms such as this handle no longer work. | مکانیزمهای فیزیکی نظیر این دستگیره دیگر کار نمیکنند.mekânizmhâye fiziki nazir-e in dastgire digar kâr nemikonand. |
Classifying Complex Clues
These prepositions attach easily to longer noun phrases. Just add the exemplification phrase after the full category description.
| The classification of physical items such as the magnet and the handle is hard. | طبقهبندی وسایل فیزیکی از قبیل آهنربا و دستگیره سخت است.tabaqe-bandi-ye vasâyel-e fiziki az qabil-e âhanrobâ va dastgire sakht ast. |
| This game has visual clues such as symbols and pictures. | این بازی سرنخهای بصری از قبیل نماد و تصویر دارد.in bâzi sarnakh-hâ-ye basari az qabil nemâd va tasvir dârad. |
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