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To express cause or give a reason—saying "because of" or "due to"—Farsi uses two common compound prepositions: **به دلیل** and **به خاطر**.

Because these prepositions are followed by a noun or pronoun, they connect to it using the *ezafe* linking vowel (pronounced *-e*).

### Due to (به دلیل)

**به دلیل** literally means "for the reason of." Often translated as "due to," it is frequently used in formal contexts, news reports, and official instructions (such as warnings during natural disasters).

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### Because of (به خاطر)

**به خاطر** is highly versatile and common in both everyday conversation and formal speech. It translates directly to "because of," but can also mean "for the sake of" when referring to people.

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Prepositions of cause (be dalil-e, be khâter-e)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
because of / due to	به دلیلbe dalil-e
flood	سیلseyl
severe	شدیدshadid
The road is closed because of the severe flood.	جاده به دلیل سیل شدید بسته است.jâdde be dalil-e seyl-e shadid baste ast.
because of / for the sake of (often for a person's sake)	به خاطرbe khâter-e
earthquake	زلزلهzelzele
to evacuate	تخلیه کردنtakhliye kardan
Did they evacuate the city because of the earthquake?	آیا آنها شهر را به خاطر زلزله تخلیه کردند؟âyâ ânhâ shahr râ be khâter zelzele takhliye kardand?
storm	طوفانtufân
damage	خسارتkhesârat
to suffer/incur (damage)	خسارت دیدنkhesârat didan
Both the houses and the schools have suffered damage because of the storm.	هم خانه‌ها و هم مدرسه‌ها به دلیل طوفان خسارت دیده‌اند.ham khâne-hâ o ham madrese-hâ be dalil-e tufân khesârat dide-and.
The people were afraid because of the severe earthquake.	مردم به خاطر زلزله‌ی شدید می‌ترسیدند.mardom be khâtere zelzele-ye shadid mitarsidand.
warning	هشدارhoshdâr
Please evacuate the building because of the warning.	لطفاً ساختمان را به دلیل هشدار تخلیه کنید.lotfan sâkhtemân râ be dalil-e hoshdâr takhliye konid
rescuer	امدادگرemdâdgar
The rescuers arrived late because of the flood.	امدادگران به خاطر سیل دیر رسیدند.emdâdgarân be khâtere seyl dir residand.
The rescuer has issued a warning because of the dangerous fire.	امدادگر به دلیل آتش خطرناک هشدار داده است.emdâdgar be dalil-e âtash-e khatarnâk hoshdâr dâde ast.
We were staying at home because of the severe storm.	ما به خاطر طوفان شدید در خانه می‌ماندیم.mâ be khâter tufân shadid dar khâne mimândim.
Did your car suffer damage because of the earthquake?	آیا ماشین شما به خاطر زلزله خسارت دید؟âyâ mâshin shomâ be khâtere zelzele khesârat did?
The rescuers are evacuating the hospital because of the dangerous fire.	امدادگران بیمارستان را به دلیل آتش خطرناک تخلیه می‌کنند.emdâdgarân bimârestân râ be dalil âtash khatarnâk takhliye mikonand.
to cause	باعث شدنbâ'es shodan
The rain caused this problem.	باران باعثِ این مشکل شد.bârân bâ'ese in moshkel shod.
You caused this incident.	تو باعثِ این اتفاق شدی.to bâ'es-e in ettefâgh shodi.