To express cause or give a reason—saying "because of" or "due to"—Farsi uses two common compound prepositions: به دلیل and به خاطر.
Because these prepositions are followed by a noun or pronoun, they connect to it using the ezafe linking vowel (pronounced -e).
Due to (به دلیل)
به دلیل literally means "for the reason of." Often translated as "due to," it is frequently used in formal contexts, news reports, and official instructions (such as warnings during natural disasters).
| The road is closed because of the severe flood. | جاده به دلیل سیل شدید بسته است.jâdde be dalil-e seyl-e shadid baste ast. |
| Please evacuate the building because of the warning. | لطفاً ساختمان را به دلیل هشدار تخلیه کنید.lotfan sâkhtemân râ be dalil-e hoshdâr takhliye konid |
| Both the houses and the schools have suffered damage because of the storm. | هم خانهها و هم مدرسهها به دلیل طوفان خسارت دیدهاند.ham khâne-hâ o ham madrese-hâ be dalil-e tufân khesârat dide-and. |
Because of (به خاطر)
به خاطر is highly versatile and common in both everyday conversation and formal speech. It translates directly to "because of," but can also mean "for the sake of" when referring to people.
| The people were afraid because of the severe earthquake. | مردم به خاطر زلزلهی شدید میترسیدند.mardom be khâtere zelzele-ye shadid mitarsidand. |
| Did they evacuate the city because of the earthquake? | آیا آنها شهر را به خاطر زلزله تخلیه کردند؟âyâ ânhâ shahr râ be khâter zelzele takhliye kardand? |
| We were staying at home because of the severe storm. | ما به خاطر طوفان شدید در خانه میماندیم.mâ be khâter tufân shadid dar khâne mimândim. |
| The rescuers arrived late because of the flood. | امدادگران به خاطر سیل دیر رسیدند.emdâdgarân be khâtere seyl dir residand. |
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