Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

To describe defensive solutions like repellents and traps in Farsi, we form compound adjectives using a simple word of opposition.

### The Word ضد

The word **ضد** translates to "anti-", "counter-", or "against". 

{{item:818896}}

Place it before a noun and link the two with the *ezafe* vowel to create a compound adjective meaning "-repellent", "-proof", or "anti-".

### Forming Resistance Adjectives

To describe a product that fights termites (**موریانه**), bedbugs (**ساس**), or fleas (**کک**), simply add **ضد** before the pest's name.

{{item:818898}}

{{item:818902}}

{{item:818906}}

This structure is highly productive and works for any noun you wish to repel or defend against, from rodents (**جونده**) to moths (**بید**). Because the resulting phrase functions as an adjective, it usually follows the noun it describes (such as "poison" or "trap"), linking to it with the *ezafe*.

{{item:818910}}

{{item:818914}}

Prefix for opposition (zed-e)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
anti- / counter-	ضدzedd
termite	موریانهmooriyâne
We must use an anti-termite solution.	ما باید از محلول ضد موریانه استفاده کنیم.mâ bâyad az mahlul-e zedd-e mooriâne estefâde konim.
This wood is not yet anti-termite and might get damaged.	این چوب هنوز ضد موریانه نیست و ممکن است آسیب ببیند.in chub hanuz zedde muriâne nist va momken ast âsib bebinad.
bedbug	ساسsâs
effective	موثر
This anti-bedbug poison is very effective.	این سم ضد ساس بسیار موثر است.in samm-e zedd-e sâs besyâr mo'ather ast.
Anti-bedbug powders are effective for the hotel.	پودرهای ضد ساس برای هتل موثر است.pudrhâ-ye zedd-e sâs barâ-ye hotel mo'asser ast.
flea	ککkak
tick	کنهkane
My cat needs an anti-flea and anti-tick collar.	گربه من به قلاده ضد کک و کنه نیاز دارد.gorbe man be qalâde zedd-e kak o kane niyâz dârad
Anti-flea medicine is not as expensive as anti-tick medicine.	داروی ضد کک به اندازه داروی ضد کنه گران نیست.dâruye zedde kak be andâze dâruye zedde kane gerân nist.
repulsion / elimination	دفعdaf'
rodent	جوندهjavande
We use an anti-rodent trap to repel these mice.	ما برای دفع این موش‌ها از تله ضد جونده استفاده می‌کنیم.mâ barâye daf'e in mush-hâ az tale-ye zedd-e jonande estefâde mikonim.
In addition to mice, this anti-rodent poison is also dangerous for birds.	علاوه بر موش، این سم ضد جونده برای پرنده‌ها هم خطرناک است.'alâve bar mush, in samm-e zedd-e joonde barâye parande-hâ ham khatarnâk ast.
The new device is very efficient at repelling insects.	دستگاه جدید برای دفع حشره‌ها خیلی کارآمد است.dastgâh-e jadid barâye daf'-e hashare-hâ kheyli kârâmad ast
moth	بیدbid
I put the clothes in an anti-moth bag.	من لباس‌ها را در یک کیسه ضد بید گذاشتم.man lebâs-hâ râ dar yek kise zedd bid gozâshtam.
pesticide	آفت‌کشâfat-kosh
Except for this anti-moth pesticide, there is nothing in the warehouse.	به جز این آفت‌کش ضد بید، هیچ‌چیز در انبار نیست.be joz in âfat-kosh zedd bid, hich-chiz dar anbâr nist.
The farmer has not yet used an effective pesticide.	کشاورز هنوز از یک آفت‌کش موثر استفاده نکرده است.keshâvarz hanuz az yek âfat-kosh mo'asser estefâde nakarde ast.