Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Lexical Passives with خوردن

Many verbs in Farsi are compound verbs, created by pairing a noun with an active "light verb" like دادن or زدن. To make these verbs passive, Farsi often avoids complex grammar and simply swaps the active light verb for a passive one.

The most common passive light verb is خوردن.

{{item:792083}}

While you likely know this verb as "to eat," when used in compound verbs it means "to suffer," "to undergo," or "to receive."

### Falling for Scams (فریب خوردن)

Take the noun فریب (deception). The active verb "to deceive" is فریب دادن. To say "to be deceived" or "to fall for a scam," you simply replace دادن with خوردن.

{{item:792091}}

{{item:792101}}

Notice how changing the light verb completely shifts the sentence from who is doing the deceiving to who is experiencing it.

### Taking a Hit: Damage and Robbery

When dealing with online scams and cybersecurity, several other verbs follow this exact same pattern. Active verbs that use زدن (to hit/strike) are very frequently paired with خوردن in the passive voice.

- دستبرد (robbery): دستبرد زدن (to rob) becomes دستبرد خوردن (to be robbed)
- ضربه (blow): ضربه زدن (to strike) becomes ضربه خوردن (to take a hit)
- لطمه (harm): لطمه زدن (to harm) becomes لطمه خوردن (to suffer harm)

{{item:792088}}

{{item:792102}}

{{item:792094}}

### Winning and Defeat

Finally, when talking about hackers and users, you can use this same structure to describe who loses a conflict. The active verb "to defeat" is شکست دادن, which means "to be defeated" is شکست خوردن.

{{item:792098}}

Lexical passives (khordan)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
deception	فریبfarib
scammer	کلاهبردارkolâhbardâr
to suffer / to undergo (passive light verb)	خوردنkhordan
If you are not careful, you will be deceived by that scammer.	اگر مواظب نباشید، فریب آن کلاهبردار را می‌خورید.agar movâzeb nabâshid, faribe ân kolâhbardâr râ mikhorid.
link	لینکlink
unknown (person, anonymous)	ناشناسnâshenâs
robbery	دستبردdastbord
I clicked on an unknown link and my account was robbed.	من روی یک لینک ناشناس کلیک کردم و حسابم دستبرد خورد.man ruye yek link nâshenâs klik kardam o hesâbam dastbord khord.
user	کاربرkârbar
scam	کلاهبرداریkolâhbardâri
That user fell for this scam.	اون کاربر فریب این کلاهبرداری رو خورد.un kârbar faribe in kolâhbardâri ro khord.
cyber	سایبریsâyberi
harm (blow, damage)	لطمهlatme
Perhaps the company has suffered harm from this cyber fraud.	شاید شرکت از این کلاهبرداری سایبری لطمه خورده باشد.shâyad sherkat az in kolâhbardâri sâyberi latme khorde bâshad.
blow	ضربهzarbe
If your account is robbed, your business will take a hit.	اگر حساب شما دستبرد بخورد، کسب و کار شما ضربه می‌خورد.agar hesâb shomâ dastbord bokhorad, kasb o kâr shomâ zarbe mikhorad.
Never click on an unknown link so that you are not deceived.	هرگز روی یک لینک ناشناس کلیک نکنید تا فریب نخورید.hargez ruye yek link nâshenâs klik nakonid tâ farib nakhorid.
Because the users were careful, the hackers were defeated.	چون کاربران مواظب بودند، هکرها شکست خوردند.chon kârbarân movâzeb budand, hackerhâ shekast khordand.
We suffered a lot of harm from those cyber scammers.	ما از آن کلاهبرداران سایبری لطمه‌ی زیادی خوردیم.mâ az ân kolâhbardârân-e sâyberi latme-ye ziyâdi khordim.
Yesterday, the company's server was robbed by an unknown user.	دیروز سرور شرکت توسط یک کاربر ناشناس دستبرد خورد.dirooz sarvar sherkat tavassote yek kârbar nâshenâs dastbord khord.
They sent a fake link and many people were deceived.	آنها یک لینک جعلی فرستادند و افراد زیادی فریب خوردند.ânhâ yek link ja'ali ferestâdand va afrâd ziyâdi farib khordand.
Our business took a big hit from this cyber scam.	کسب و کار ما از این کلاهبرداری سایبری ضربه‌ی بزرگی خورد.kasb-o-kâr-e mâ az in kolâhbardâri-ye sâyberi zarbe-ye bozorgi khord