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To express a wish or hope for a future event, Farsi uses **کاش** or its extended form **ای کاش**.

### Hoping for the Future: کاش + Present Subjunctive

To say "I hope" or "I wish" about something yet to happen, start your sentence with **کاش** or **ای کاش**. Because the event is a desired outcome, the main verb takes the **present subjunctive**. 

Recall that the present subjunctive is generally formed by adding the prefix **بـ** to the present stem, followed by the personal ending.

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### Hoping with "To Be"

When your wish describes a state of being, use the present subjunctive forms of "to be" (بودن):

| Pronoun | Subjunctive |
|---|---|
| من | باشم |
| تو | باشی |
| او | باشد |
| ما | باشیم |
| شما | باشید |
| آنها | باشند |

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Expressions of future hope (kâsh)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
groom	دامادdâmâd
courtship / proposal	خواستگاریkhâstegâri
bride	عروسarus
The groom saw the bride before the proposal.	داماد قبل از خواستگاری عروس را دید.dâmâd qabl az khâstegâri-ye arus râ did.
I hope the bride says yes at the proposal.	کاش عروس در خواستگاری بله بگوید.kâsh arus dar khâstegâri bale beguyad.
I hope the groom brings a beautiful gift for the proposal.	ای کاش داماد برای خواستگاری یک هدیه‌ی زیبا بیاورد.ey kâsh dâmâd barâye khâstegâri yek hedye-ye zibâ biyâvarad.
bride price	مهریهmehrieh
The groom must accept the bride price.	داماد باید مهریه را قبول کند.dâmâd bâyad mehrieh râ qabul konad.
agreement ceremony	بله‌برونbale-borun
In the agreement ceremony, both of them spoke about the bride price.	در بله‌برون، هر دویشان درباره‌ی مهریه صحبت کردند.dar bale-borun, har doyshân darbâre-ye mehrieh sohbat kardand.
spread / cloth (tablecloth)	سفرهsofre
marriage contract / wedding ceremony	عقدaghd
I hope they set the wedding spread after the agreement ceremony.	کاش بعد از بله‌برون سفره‌ی عقد را بچینند.kâsh ba'd az bale-borun sofre-ye aghd râ bechinand.
The guests will gather around the wedding spread.	مهمانان کنار سفره‌ی عقد جمع می‌شوند.mehmânân kenâr sofre-ye aghd jam' mishavand.
union / marriage (alliance)	وصلتvaslat
I hope this union is joyful for both families.	کاش این وصلت برای هر دو خانواده شاد باشد.kâsh in vaslat barâye har do khânevâde shâd bâshad.
henna night	حنابندانhanâbandân
The brides wear red clothes at the henna night.	عروسان در حنابندان لباس قرمز می‌پوشند.arusân dar hanâbandân lebâs ghermez mipushand.
trousseau / dowry	جهیزیهjahizieh
Some of them think about the trousseau and the bride price.	بعضی‌شان به جهیزیه و مهریه فکر می‌کنند.ba'zishân be jahizieh va mehrieh fekr mikonand.
I hope the trousseau is as beautiful as the bride.	کاش جهیزیه مثل عروس زیبا باشد.kâsh jahizieh mesle arus-e zibâ bâshad.
I hope this union, like true love, is perfect.	ای کاش این وصلت مانند عشق واقعی بی‌نقص باشد.ey kâsh in vaslat mânand eshgh-e vâghe'i bi-naghs bâshad
I wish they would invite us to the henna night.	کاش ما را به حنابندان دعوت کنند.kâsh mâ râ be henâ-bandân da'vat konand.