Learn Dutch: Klinkt er veel lawaai uit de garage? - Is there a lot of noise coming from the garage?

We use er here as a "dummy subject" (like "there" in "is there"). Because the real subject, veel lawaai (a lot of noise), is indefinite (it does not say the noise), Dutch uses er to introduce it.

Why is er placed after the verb klinkt?

This is a yes/no question, which means it has to start with the verb (klinkt). The dummy subject er takes the spot right after the verb, just like a normal subject would, pushing the real subject (veel lawaai) further back in the sentence.

The verb is klinkt (sounds), but the English translation says "coming from". Why?

In Dutch, when talking about noise or music being produced, it is very natural to use klinken (to sound). A literal translation is "Does there sound a lot of noise out of the garage?", which we make natural in English by saying "coming from". You could also say Komt er veel lawaai..., but klinkt is a great, descriptive choice!

Why use uit instead of van for "from the garage"?

Uit (out of) is used because a garage is a three-dimensional, enclosed space. The noise is literally travelling out of the inside of the building, so Dutch prefers uit over van here.