Learn Danish: Hvem bruger chefens skrivebord nu? - Who is using the boss's desk now?

You start with the definite form of the noun, chefen (the boss), and simply add an -s to the end to show possession. This makes it chefens (the boss's).

Since it is the boss's desk, why isn't the Danish word for desk in its definite form (skrivebordet)?

Whenever a noun is owned by someone using an -s ending (like chefens), the possessed noun must be in its basic, indefinite form. Just like in English you say "the boss's desk" instead of "the boss's the desk", in Danish you say chefens skrivebord, never chefens skrivebordet.

Why does bruger translate to "is using" instead of "uses"?

Danish doesn't have an exact equivalent to the English "-ing" verbs. The present tense bruger covers both "uses" and "is using". Because the sentence ends with nu (now), "is using" is the most natural translation in English.

How is the word skrivebord built?

It is a compound word made from at skrive (to write) and et bord (a table). Literally, it translates to a "write-table", which is the Danish word for a desk!