Breakdown of Kada sam sama i izgubljena, kompas mi pomaže.
biti
to be (sam, si, je)
ja
I
i
and (additive)
kada
when / if (with conditional)
Questions & Answers about Kada sam sama i izgubljena, kompas mi pomaže.
Why are there two similar-sounding words back-to-back: sam sama?
How would the adjectives change if a man were saying this sentence?
A male speaker would need to use the masculine forms for both "alone" and "lost". The sentence would become: Kada sam sam i izgubljen, kompas mi pomaže.
Since sam (I am) is an enclitic, does it have to come right after Kada here?
Yes. Enclitics (short words without their own stress) almost always take the second position in a clause. Here, Kada acts as the first "block" of the clause, so the verb sam naturally slots in right after it.
Why do we use the pronoun mi instead of me with the verb pomaže?
The verb pomagati (to help) requires its object to be in the dative case. Think of it as "giving help to me". mi is the short dative form, whereas me is the accusative/genitive form.