To talk about doing things alone or by yourself, use the emphatic adjective sam. Like all adjectives, it changes its ending to match the gender and number of the person or people it describes.
Gender Agreement
Use sam for masculine subjects and sama for feminine subjects.
| He is alone and lost in the forest. | On je sam i izgubljen u šumi. |
Croatian uses sam to mean both being "alone" (a state) and doing something "by oneself" (an action).
| She travels to the wilderness alone, even though it is dangerous. | Ona putuje u divljinu sama, premda je opasno. |
| I can manage by myself without a heavy backpack. | Mogu se snalaziti sam bez teškog ruksaka. |
Plural Forms
For groups, use sami (masculine or mixed-gender) and same (all-female).
| The wilderness is a big challenge when we are alone. | Divljina je velik izazov kada smo sami. |
| Are they going into the forest by themselves? | Zar one idu u šumu same? |
"Samo" as "Only"
The neuter singular form samo is most frequently used as an adverb meaning "only" or "just". Because adverbs do not modify nouns, samo never changes its form in this context.
| He carries only a backpack and a compass when he travels alone. | On nosi samo ruksak i kompas kada putuje sam. |
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