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Croatian

At a bustling local fair full of chaos (**kaos**) and noise (**galama**), you will see people everywhere and an endless variety of goods. To describe this, use the universal pronouns **svatko** (everyone) and **svašta** (all sorts of things). 

### Declining "Svatko" (Everyone)

The pronoun **svatko** refers to people. Because "everyone" is singular in Croatian, verbs used with **svatko** are always singular.

| Case | Form |
| --- | --- |
| Nominative | svatko |
| Genitive | svakoga |
| Dative | svakomu / svakome |
| Accusative | svakoga |
| Locative | svakom / svakome |
| Instrumental | (sa) svakim |

When **svatko** is the subject, it takes the nominative case.

{{item:1086149}}

For a direct object, use the accusative form **svakoga**.

{{item:1086160}}

Prepositions also dictate the case. For example, **od** (from) takes the genitive, and **s/sa** (with) takes the instrumental.

{{item:1086162}}

{{item:1086164}}

Verbs involving giving or offering something *to* someone take the dative form **svakome**.

{{item:1086155}}

### Declining "Svašta" (All Sorts of Things)

**Svašta** refers to a chaotic variety of objects or concepts ("all sorts of things" or "everything"). Notice how the root changes from *svaš-* in the nominative and accusative to *svač-* elsewhere.

| Case | Form |
| --- | --- |
| Nominative | svašta |
| Genitive | svačega |
| Dative | svačemu |
| Accusative | svašta |
| Locative | svačemu |
| Instrumental | (sa) svačim |

Like inanimate nouns, the accusative form of **svašta** is identical to its nominative form. 

{{item:1086153}}

To express availability (like saying "there is a bit of everything"), use the genitive form **svačega** with **imati** (to have).

{{item:1086157}}

Certain verbs govern specific cases: **čuditi se** (to be surprised by) takes the dative, while **baviti se** (to deal with) takes the instrumental. 

{{item:1086161}}

{{item:1086163}}

Finally, when talking *about* (preposition **o**) a variety of topics, use the locative form **svačemu**.

{{item:1086166}}

### Putting It All Together

Combine both pronouns to emphasize the sheer volume of people and things at the fair. Just ensure each is in the correct case for its role!

{{item:1086169}}

Universal pronouns (svatko, svašta)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
chaos	kaos
colorful	šaren
balloon	balon
At the fair, chaos reigns because everyone is looking for a colorful balloon.	Na sajmu vlada kaos jer svatko traži šaren balon.
craftsman	obrtnik
all sorts of things	svašta
handicraft	rukotvorina
The craftsman sells all sorts of things, from toys to handicrafts.	Obrtnik prodaje svašta, od igračaka do rukotvorina.
noise (shouting, clamor)	galama
In that noise, the seller offers everyone a colorful balloon.	U toj galami prodavač nudi svakome šaren balon.
to taste	kušati
In this chaos there are all sorts of things, but I cannot taste everything.	U ovom kaosu ima svačega, ali ne mogu kušati sve.
to confuse	zbuniti
to be surprised (to wonder, find strange)	čuditi se
This chaos can confuse anyone, so I am not surprised.	Ovaj kaos može zbuniti svakoga, pa se ne čudim.
People are surprised by all sorts of things at this craftsman's stall.	Ljudi se čude svačemu na štandu ovog obrtnika.
I do not buy handicrafts from everyone.	Ne kupujem rukotvorine od svakoga.
Here craftsmen deal with all sorts of things, including colorful handicrafts.	Ovdje se obrtnici bave svačim, pa i šarenim rukotvorinama.
I cannot talk with everyone because of the noise.	Ne mogu razgovarati sa svakim zbog galame.
The seller offers all sorts of things, but I only want cheese.	Prodavač nudi svašta, ali ja želim samo sir.
Craftsmen at the fair talk about all sorts of things.	Obrtnici na sajmu pričaju o svačemu.
This noise bothers everyone.	Ova galama smeta svakome.
The chaos and uproar at the fair will confuse everyone.	Kaos i galama na sajmu zbunit će svakoga.
Everyone wants to taste absolutely all sorts of things at this fair.	Svatko želi kušati baš svašta na ovom sajmu.