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### Expressing Origin (iz)

To say where someone is from or that something is taken out of a container, use the preposition **iz** followed by the **genitive case**.

Regular feminine nouns (which typically end in **-a**) form the genitive by changing **-a** to **-e**. This applies to many countries:

- **Hrvatska** (Croatia) becomes **Hrvatske**
- **Amerika** (America) becomes **Amerike**

{{item:1000903}}

{{item:1000905}}

This rule applies equally to countries like **Njemačka** (Germany) and **Italija** (Italy):

{{item:1000908}}

### Expressing Materials (od)

To describe what an object is made of, use the preposition **od** (of/from). This also takes the genitive.

For feminine materials like **koža** (leather) or **plastika** (plastic), continue using the **-e** ending:

{{item:1000912}}

Masculine nouns (ending in a consonant) and neuter nouns (ending in **-o**) take an **-a** ending in the genitive:

- **staklo** (glass) becomes **stakla**
- **zlato** (gold) becomes **zlata**

{{item:1000916}}

{{item:1000919}}

### Receiving Things From People

The preposition **od** is also used to express receiving something from a person. The same genitive rules apply: feminine nouns like **majka** (mother) take **-e**, while masculine nouns like **brat** (brother) take **-a**.

{{item:1000921}}

### Putting It All Together

Combine these prepositions to add more detail. Use **iz** for geographical origin or moving "out of" a container, and **od** for source, possession, or material.

{{item:1000923}}

{{item:1000922}}

Possession and origin (od, iz)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Plural instrumental nouns (-ima, -ama)

Question	Answer
out of	iz
Croatia	Hrvatska
Where are you from? We are from Croatia.	Odakle ste? Mi smo iz Hrvatske.
America	Amerika
They are from America, and not from Croatia.	Oni su iz Amerike, a ne iz Hrvatske.
Germany	Njemačka
Italy	Italija
England	Engleska
France	Francuska
Spain	Španjolska
This car is from Germany, and not from Italy.	Ovaj automobil je iz Njemačke, a ne iz Italije.
Do you want to travel from Italy to Croatia?	Hoćete li putovati iz Italije u Hrvatsku?
from	od
leather	koža
This jacket is made of leather.	Ova jakna je od kože.
Yesterday we bought a bag made of leather.	Jučer smo kupili torbu od kože.
glass (material)	staklo
plastic	plastika
This glass is made of glass, and not of plastic.	Ova čaša je od stakla, a ne od plastike.
This bottle is made of glass.	Ova boca je od stakla.
gold	zlato
Your watch is made of gold.	Tvoj sat je od zlata.
Is the new boss from Germany?	Je li novi šef iz Njemačke?
Is that a letter from mother?	Je li to pismo od majke?
This is a gift from the brother from Germany.	Ovo je poklon od brata iz Njemačke.
Can you drink water out of a glass made of plastic?	Možete li piti vodu iz čaše od plastike?
We cannot drink wine out of a bottle.	Ne možemo piti vino iz boce.
The guests from America are here, we want to see them.	Gosti iz Amerike su ovdje, želimo ih vidjeti.
This watch is made of gold.	Ovaj sat je od zlata.
to, until, up to / in the mood for (nije mi do)	do
I work from nine to five.	Radim od devet do pet.
I am going to the shop.	Idem do trgovine.
From the house to the school is near.	Od kuće do škole je blizu.
I am from England.	Ja sam iz Engleske.
England is far from Croatia.	Engleska je daleko od Hrvatske.
She is from France.	Ona je iz Francuske.
Is this wine from France?	Je li ovo vino iz Francuske?
He is from Spain.	On je iz Španjolske.
Spain and Italy are beautiful.	Španjolska i Italija su lijepe.

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