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### Power Outages and the Electrician

When a fuse (*osigurač*) trips (*iskočiti*), you might find yourself in the dark. To say "we don't have electricity," use the verb *nemati* followed by the genitive case: *nemamo struje*. You can connect a cause and effect using the conjunction *pa* (so).

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If you need professional help, you will have to call an electrician (*električar*). Because *električar* is an animate masculine noun, it takes the *-a* ending in the accusative case as a direct object: *zvati električara*. To explain the reason, use *zato što* (because).

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### Sparks and Short Circuits

A common issue is when a socket (*utičnica*) starts to spark (*iskriti*).

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To describe something that happens repeatedly under a certain condition, use *kad god* (whenever).

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If the power goes out suddenly, you might wonder if it is a short circuit (*kratak spoj*).

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### Switches and Lightbulbs

The word *baš* is a versatile emphatic particle. It can mean "really" or "exactly" depending on the context. If a switch (*prekidač*) is completely broken, *baš* emphasizes the failure.

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If a lightbulb (*žarulja*) happens to burn out (*izgorjeti*) at a specific moment, *baš* acts as "exactly" or "just."

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### Voltage and Safety

High voltage (*napon*) can cause fuses to trip. Another useful conjunction to express cause and effect is *stoga* (therefore).

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Finally, when dealing with exposed wiring or a loose cable (*kabel*), safety is paramount. To give a negative command (don't do something), use *nemoj* followed by the infinitive of the verb. If you ignore this warning, you might get an electric shock (*električni udar*). To link these ideas, you can use the shorter causal conjunction *jer* (because).

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Electrical Issues

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
electrical	električni
socket	utičnica
to spark	iskriti
We have an electrical problem because the socket is sparking.	Imamo električni problem zato što utičnica iskri.
fuse	osigurač
to trip (circuit breaker, fuse)	iskočiti
The fuse tripped, so we don't have electricity.	Osigurač je iskočio pa nemamo struje.
electrician	električar
We must call the electrician because we don't have electricity.	Moramo zvati električara zato što nemamo struje.
connection (physical, joint)	spoj
Is there electricity or is that a short circuit?	Ima li struje ili je to kratak spoj?
switch	prekidač
This switch really doesn't work.	Ovaj prekidač baš ne radi.
lightbulb	žarulja
The lightbulb burned out exactly when I turned on the switch.	Žarulja je izgorjela baš kad sam upalio prekidač.
voltage	napon
The voltage is high, therefore the fuse tripped.	Napon je visok, stoga je osigurač iskočio.
shock	udar
Don't touch the cable because you will get an electric shock!	Nemoj dirati kabel jer ćeš dobiti električni udar!
Whenever I use the charger, the socket sparks.	Kad god koristim punjač, utičnica iskri.
The electrician fixed the short circuit just yesterday.	Električar je baš jučer popravio kratak spoj.
I must change the lightbulb because it burned out.	Moram promijeniti žarulju jer je izgorjela.
There is no electricity because the electrical voltage fell.	Nema struje zato što je električni napon pao.
That was a really strong electric shock.	To je bio baš jak električni udar.
diagram, scheme	shema
The electrician has a diagram of the house.	Električar ima shemu kuće.
On the diagram you can see where the cable is.	Na shemi se vidi gdje je kabel.

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