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Croatian

### Pointing things out: "This"

When you want to say "this" in Croatian, the demonstrative pronoun must match the gender of the noun it describes.

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The pronoun has three forms in the nominative case (used for the subject of a sentence):
- **ovaj** for masculine nouns
- **ova** for feminine nouns
- **ovo** for neuter nouns

### Masculine: ovaj

Use **ovaj** with masculine nouns, which typically end in a consonant.

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### Feminine: ova

Use **ova** with feminine nouns, which almost always end in **-a**.

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### Neuter: ovo

Use **ovo** with neuter nouns, which generally end in **-o** or **-e**.

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### Putting it together

You can combine these forms to contrast different items. As long as the pronoun matches the noun's gender, your sentences will be perfectly clear.

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Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Plural instrumental nouns (-ima, -ama)

Question	Answer
this (m) / ova (f), ovo (n)	ovaj
city	grad
big	velik
This city is big.	Ovaj grad je velik.
man	čovjek
This man is there.	Ovaj čovjek je tamo.
woman	žena
beautiful	lijep
This woman is beautiful.	Ova žena je lijepa.
school	škola
new	nov
This school is new.	Ova škola je nova.
child	dijete
This child is at home.	Ovo dijete je doma.
village	selo
This village is beautiful.	Ovo selo je lijepo.
This table is new.	Ovaj stol je nov.
This house is big.	Ova kuća je velika.
This book is new.	Ova knjiga je nova.
Who is this man?	Tko je ovaj čovjek?
Where is this school?	Gdje je ova škola?
This city is big, and this village is new.	Ovaj grad je velik, a ovo selo je novo.
Where is this child?	Gdje je ovo dijete?
Who is this woman?	Tko je ova žena?