Breakdown of لم ترمم أمينة المكتبة المخطوطة الممزقة بعد.
الal
the
مكتبةmaktaba
library; bookshop
لمlam
did not
بعدba'du
yet (with لم: not yet)
أمينamîn
custodian
رممrammama
to restore
مخطوطةmakhtûta
manuscript
ممزقmumazzaq
torn
Questions & Answers about لم ترمم أمينة المكتبة المخطوطة الممزقة بعد.
Why does the word for 'after' (بعد) translate to 'yet' in this sentence, and how is it pronounced?
When the adverb بعد is used at the end of a negative sentence with لم (did not / has not), it translates to 'not yet'. Because it is not followed by a possessor noun like it usually is (for example, 'after the meeting'), it is called 'unannexed' and takes a fixed damma ending, making it بَعْدُ (ba'du).
The translation says 'has not restored', so why is the present tense verb ترمم used?
The particle لم is a negative word that is always followed by a present tense verb in the jussive mood (usually ending in a sukun). Even though the verb is technically in the present tense, لم always shifts the meaning of the phrase to the past.
Why does 'the librarian' translate to أمينة المكتبة without the definite article ال on the first word?
This is an Idafa (possessive construction) literally meaning 'the trustee of the library'. In an Idafa, the first word (أمينة) never takes ال, but it is still considered grammatically definite because the second word (المكتبة) is definite.
How is the adjective الممزقة (torn) formed?
It is a passive participle from the Form II verb مزّق (to tear into pieces). Form II passive participles are made by adding a مـ with a damma at the beginning and a fatha on the middle root letter. The ـة at the end makes it feminine to match المخطوطة (the manuscript).
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