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### Subject Pronouns: "I" and "You"

In Arabic, independent subject pronouns stand alone to start a sentence. Let's look at the first two singular pronouns:

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Remember that Arabic does not use words for "am," "is," or "are" in the present tense. To say "I am a nurse," you simply say "I nurse."

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You can combine these pronouns with the preposition في (in) to state where someone is. 

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To ask a question about location, use the question word أين (where). Let's see how this works with the pronoun أنت (you):

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### Subject Pronouns: "He" and "She"

Now let's introduce the third-person singular pronouns:

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You can state where someone is using the location words هنا (here) and هناك (there). Notice how we also add the feminine marker (ة) to nouns and adjectives when describing a female subject (هي).

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### Yes/No Questions with هل

You have already learned how to ask "where" (أين). To ask a simple "yes or no" question, place the question word هل at the very beginning of the sentence.

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You can then confirm the statement by answering with نعم (yes).

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Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Expressing purpose (لـ)

Question	Answer
I	أناana
I am a nurse.	أنا ممرض.ana mumarridun.
house	بيتbayt
I am in the house.	أنا في البيت.anâ fî al-bayti
you (singular)	أنتanta
Where are you now?	أين أنت الآن؟ayna anta al-âna?
clean	نظيفnazhîf
You are in a clean house.	أنت في بيت نظيف.anta fî baytin nadhîfin.
The house is clean.	البيت نظيف.al-baytu nadhîfun
he / his / him (attached)	هوhuwa
employee	موظفmuwazzaf
He is an employee here.	هو موظف هنا.huwa muwazzafun hunâ
office	مكتبmaktab
Is he in the office?	هل هو في المكتب؟hal huwa fee al-maktab?
Yes, he is in the office.	نعم، هو في المكتب.na'am, huwa fil-maktab.
The office is clean.	المكتب نظيف.al-maktabu nazeefun.
she / her (attached)	هيhiya
sick	مريضmarîdh
She is a nurse there.	هي ممرضة هناك.hiya mumarridatun hunâka.
Where is she now?	أين هي الآن؟ayna hiya al-âna?
She is sick.	هي مريضة.hiya marîdatun.
Are you an employee?	هل أنت موظف؟hal anta muwazzafun?
I am sick.	أنا مريض.ana marîdun
He is sick now.	هو مريض الآن.huwa marîdun al-ân

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