Wrong Preposition+Case (Russian Patterns)

A verb does not just demand a case — many verbs demand a specific preposition as well, and that preposition+case combination is a fixed fact about the verb. The trouble for anyone trained on Russian is that Ukrainian and Russian often pick different prepositions for the same verb. "Marry" is одружи́тися з in Ukrainian but жени́ться на in Russian; "laugh at" is смія́тися з but смея́ться над. Slot in the Russian preposition and you get a fluent-sounding but wrong Ukrainian sentence — the most insidious kind of error, because it does not feel broken. This page collects the high-frequency offenders, each with its correct Ukrainian government. A warning up front: several patterns that look like Russian transfer are actually correct Ukrainian — хворі́ти на, чека́ти на — and this page flags those so you do not "correct" something that was already right. For the broader picture see prepositional government and the Russian interference page.

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The mental model: when a verb takes a preposition, learn the verb + preposition + case as one chunk — "одружи́тися з + instrumental," "смія́тися з + genitive," "ду́мати про + accusative." Do not derive the preposition from Russian; derive it from the Ukrainian chunk you memorised.

"Marry" — одружи́тися З + instrumental, never на

In Russian, a man жени́тся на a woman — "marry on." Ukrainian rejects this outright. The standard form is одружи́тися з + instrumental — "marry with," reflecting the verb's link to дру́жба "friendship": marriage as a partnership of equals. Одружи́тися на ній is a textbook surzhyk error; the correct form is одружи́тися з не́ю.

❌ Він одружи́вся на ній мину́лого ро́ку.

Incorrect — 'marry on' is Russian transfer. Ukrainian is одружи́тися з + instrumental: одружи́вся з не́ю.

✅ Він одружи́вся з не́ю мину́лого ро́ку.

He married her last year. (одружи́тися з + instrumental.)

✅ Вони́ одружи́лися ще студе́нтами, два́дцять ро́ків тому́.

They got married back when they were students, twenty years ago. (одружи́тися — here intransitive, but the partner is always з + instrumental.)

"Laugh at / mock" — смія́тися З + genitive, never над

Russian смея́ться над + instrumental tempts you toward смія́тися над ним. Standard Ukrainian uses смія́тися з + genitive — "laugh from / out of." The same goes for кепкува́ти / насміха́тися з + genitive "mock." Смія́тися над is heard in surzhyk but is not the literary norm.

❌ Не смі́йся над ним, він і так засму́чений.

Incorrect — смія́тися над is Russian-style. Ukrainian is смія́тися з + genitive: смі́йся з ньо́го → here, не смі́йся з ньо́го.

✅ Не смі́йся з ньо́го, він і так засму́чений.

Don't laugh at him, he's upset as it is. (смія́тися з + genitive.)

✅ Усі́ смія́лися з мої́х жарті́в — це був до́брий ве́чір.

Everyone laughed at my jokes — it was a good evening. (смія́тися з + genitive мої́х жарті́в.)

"Think about" — ду́мати ПРО + accusative, never о/об

Russian ду́мать о + prepositional has no place in Ukrainian. The Ukrainian verb takes ду́мати про + accusative — "think about." (The same про + accusative serves говори́ти про, чита́ти про, мрі́яти про.) Ду́мати о чомусь / об is a clear Russianism.

❌ Я ча́сто ду́маю о тобі́, коли́ ти дале́ко.

Incorrect — ду́мати о is Russian. Ukrainian is ду́мати про + accusative: ду́маю про те́бе.

✅ Я ча́сто ду́маю про те́бе, коли́ ти дале́ко.

I often think about you when you're far away. (ду́мати про + accusative.)

✅ Не хо́чу ду́мати про робо́ту на вихідни́х.

I don't want to think about work on the weekend. (ду́мати про + accusative.)

"Miss / long for" — сумува́ти ЗА + instrumental, not скуча́ти по

Russian скуча́ть по + dative/prepositional drives learners to скуча́ти по тобі́. The idiomatic Ukrainian is сумува́ти за + instrumental "long for" (also скуча́ти за + instrumental in everyday speech). The Russian-style скуча́ти по with the "по" frame is the error to drop.

❌ Я так скуча́ю по тобі́ — коли́ ти поверне́шся?

Off — the 'по + you' frame is Russian. Standard Ukrainian: сумува́ти / скуча́ти за + instrumental: сумую́ за тобо́ю.

✅ Я так сумую́ за тобо́ю — коли́ ти пове́рнешся?

I miss you so much — when are you coming back? (сумува́ти за + instrumental.)

✅ Ми скуча́ли за до́мом, коли́ жи́ли за кордо́ном.

We missed home when we lived abroad. (скуча́ти за + instrumental, colloquial.)

"Phone / call" — телефонува́ти + DATIVE, no preposition

Here the slip is the opposite — adding a preposition where none belongs. Телефонува́ти / дзвони́ти "phone" take a bare dative (телефону́ю тобі́, дзвоню́ дру́гові) — you do not say телефонува́ти до́ ньо́го. (The form телефонува́ти до + genitive exists regionally and in older usage, but the neutral standard is the plain dative.)

❌ Я подзвоню́ до́ ньо́го за́втра вра́нці.

Non-standard — дзвони́ти / телефонува́ти takes the plain dative: подзвоню́ йому́.

✅ Я подзвоню́ йому́ за́втра вра́нці.

I'll call him tomorrow morning. (дзвони́ти + dative йому́.)

✅ Зателефону́й мені́, коли́ звільни́шся, добре́?

Call me when you're free, okay? (телефонува́ти + dative мені́.)

The careful cases: these ARE correct Ukrainian — do not "fix" them

Because learners over-correct, here are patterns that look like they might be Russian transfer but are standard, correct Ukrainian. Leave them alone.

Хворі́ти НА + accusative — "be ill with." Ukrainian says хворі́ти на грип, хворі́ти на анги́ну — the на is correct (Russian uses the instrumental боле́ть гри́ппом). Do not "fix" it to a bare instrumental.

✅ Узи́мку він ча́сто хворі́є на грип.

In winter he often gets the flu. (хворі́ти на + accusative — correct Ukrainian, NOT an error.)

Чека́ти НА + accusative — "wait for." Чека́ти на авто́бус, чека́ти на дру́га is fully standard (the bare genitive чека́ти авто́буса is also correct; both coexist). The на here is right.

✅ Я вже пів годи́ни чека́ю на авто́бус під доще́м.

I've been waiting for the bus for half an hour in the rain. (чека́ти на + accusative — correct Ukrainian.)

Слу́хати + bare accusative, диви́тися + bare accusative — "listen to," "watch" take a direct object, no preposition: слу́хати му́зику, диви́тися фільм. Adding a preposition (слу́хати до му́зики) would be the error.

✅ Уве́чері я люблю́ слу́хати му́зику й диви́тися старі́ фі́льми.

In the evening I like to listen to music and watch old films. (Both take a bare accusative object — no preposition.)

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The pattern to notice: Russian and Ukrainian sometimes swap roles on the preposition. For "marry," "laugh at," "think about," Ukrainian drops the Russian preposition or changes it (з / про). But for "be ill" and "wait," Ukrainian keeps на where Russian uses a bare case. So you cannot apply a blanket "Ukrainian never uses на" rule — learn each verb individually.

Source-language comparison

For a Russian speaker (or anyone whose Ukrainian is filtered through Russian), the danger is that the wrong preposition produces a grammatical-sounding sentence, so the error never trips an alarm. The fix is to re-anchor the high-frequency verbs as Ukrainian chunks: одружи́тися з, смія́тися з, ду́мати про, сумува́ти за, телефонува́ти + dative — and, equally, to resist over-correcting хворі́ти на and чека́ти на, which are right.

For an English speaker, the lesson is simpler but no less real: English verb-preposition pairs ("laugh at," "think about," "wait for") do not map onto the Ukrainian ones piece for piece. "Laugh at" is з (genitive), not на; "wait for" is на (accusative) or a bare genitive; "marry" takes no English preposition at all but takes з in Ukrainian. Learn the government with the verb, not from the English.

Common Mistakes

❌ Вона́ хо́че одружи́тися на бага́тому чолові́кові.

Incorrect — 'marry on' is Russian. Ukrainian: одружи́тися з + instrumental: з бага́тим чолові́ком.

✅ Вона́ хо́че одружи́тися з бага́тим чолові́ком.

She wants to marry a rich man. (одружи́тися з + instrumental.)

❌ Усі́ смія́лися над ним че́рез його́ по́милку.

Incorrect — смія́тися над is Russian. Ukrainian: смія́тися з + genitive: з ньо́го.

✅ Усі́ смія́лися з ньо́го че́рез його́ по́милку.

Everyone laughed at him because of his mistake. (смія́тися з + genitive.)

❌ Дава́й поговори́мо о на́ших пла́нах на лі́то.

Incorrect — говори́ти о is Russian; Ukrainian uses про + accusative: про на́ші пла́ни.

✅ Дава́й поговори́мо про на́ші пла́ни на лі́то.

Let's talk about our plans for the summer. (говори́ти про + accusative.)

❌ Ма́ма скуча́є по нас, тре́ба ча́стіше дзвони́ти.

Off — the 'по + us' frame is Russian. Ukrainian: сумува́ти / скуча́ти за + instrumental: за на́ми.

✅ Ма́ма сумує́ за на́ми, тре́ба ча́стіше дзвони́ти.

Mum misses us, we should call more often. (сумува́ти за + instrumental.)

❌ Я хворі́ю гри́пом уже́ три дні.

Incorrect — Ukrainian 'be ill' is хворі́ти НА + accusative, not the bare instrumental: хворі́ю на грип.

✅ Я хворі́ю на грип уже́ три дні.

I've had the flu for three days now. (хворі́ти на + accusative — the на is correct.)

Key Takeaways

  • Learn the verb + preposition + case as one chunk; do not import the Russian preposition.
  • одружи́тися З + instrumental (not на), смія́тися З + genitive (not над), ду́мати / говори́ти ПРО + accusative (not о), сумува́ти / скуча́ти ЗА + instrumental (not по), телефонува́ти / дзвони́ти + DATIVE (no preposition).
  • Do not over-correct: хворі́ти НА + accusative and чека́ти НА + accusative are correct Ukrainian — Russian uses other frames, but на is right here.
  • слу́хати / диви́тися take a bare accusative object — no preposition.
  • The big trap is that the wrong preposition still sounds fluent, so the error hides — re-anchor the high-frequency verbs deliberately.

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Related Topics

  • Verbs with Fixed PrepositionsB2A high-error group of Ukrainian verbs requires a specific preposition plus a fixed case that rarely maps to English: чека́ти НА + acc 'wait for', дивитися НА + acc 'look at', думати ПРО + acc 'think about', одружи́тися З + instr 'marry', готува́тися ДО + gen 'prepare for', зале́жати ВІД + gen 'depend on', вступи́ти ДО + gen 'enter (university)' — so each verb+preposition+case is a fixed chunk you must learn whole.
  • Russian-Interference Errors (Суржик Awareness)B1The most pervasive error source for learners arriving via Russian is interference — Russian words, sounds, and patterns leaking into Ukrainian (суржик). This page raises awareness of the high-frequency interference points and gives the standard Ukrainian correction for each: restoring the vocative (Маріє!), keeping final voicing (хліб not хлеб), pronouncing г as /ɦ/, fixing dative government (дякую вам not дякую вас), and swapping the common russisms (отримати not получити, наступний not слідуючий, брати участь not приймати участь).
  • Wrong Object Case (Verb Government)B1A cluster of everyday Ukrainian verbs do NOT take the accusative that English (and Russian) habits push you toward. 'Thank / help / phone / believe' take the DATIVE (дякую вам, допомагаю мамі); 'be interested in / manage / use' take the INSTRUMENTAL (цікавлюся історією, керую фірмою); 'fear / wish / need / study' take the GENITIVE (боюся темряви, потребую допомоги). This page collects the most common government errors, grouped by the case the verb actually demands, with the standard Ukrainian correction for each.
  • З/Із/Зі: 'from', 'with', and 'off'B1З is three prepositions in one word, separated by case: з + GENITIVE = 'from / out of / off / since' (з Ки́єва, зі столу́, з ра́нку, одна́ з книг), з + INSTRUMENTAL = 'with' (з дру́гом, ка́ва з молоко́м), з + ACCUSATIVE = 'about / approximately' (з годи́ну) — and the із/зі shapes are chosen purely by the surrounding sounds.
  • Verb Government: Which Case for the ObjectB1Most Ukrainian verbs take an accusative object (читаю книгу), but a large core group governs the dative (дякую тобі, допомагаю мамі), the genitive (боюся темряви, потребую допомоги), or the instrumental (керую фірмою, ціка́влюся історією) — and the governed case is a fixed lexical property of each verb that English speakers must memorise, because none of these behave like English transitives.