خریدن kharidan means “buy, purchase.” Its past stem is خرید, while its shorter present stem is خر: میخرم، بخر. The purchased item is the direct object; a specific item normally takes را. The seller or source takes از: این کتاب را از یک کتابفروشی خریدم.
English buy from someone maps neatly onto از, but other English patterns do not. A beneficiary takes برای, and a price can appear as a measure phrase or after به قیمت. Persian also distinguishes simple خریدن “buy something” from noun-based خرید کردن “shop/make purchases.”
Principal parts
| Form | Persian | Reading | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | خریدن | kharidan | buy, purchase |
| past stem | خرید | kharid- | خریدم، میخریدم |
| present stem | خر | khar- | میخرم، بخرد |
| past participle | خریده | kharide | خریدهام |
| imperative | بخر؛ بخرید | bekhar; bekharid | singular; plural/polite |
| negative imperative | نخر؛ نخرید | nakhar; nakharid | singular; plural/polite |
The present stem loses ید from the past stem. Forms such as میخریم are built from خر + یم, not from past خرید. In writing, می and نمی take a ZWNJ: میخرم، نمیخرند.
High-value paradigm
| Person | Present indicative | Simple past | Present perfect | Present subjunctive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | میخرم | خریدم | خریدهام | بخرم |
| you (sg.) | میخری | خریدی | خریدهای | بخری |
| he/she/it | میخرد | خرید | خریده است | بخرد |
| we | میخریم | خریدیم | خریدهایم | بخریم |
| you (pl./polite) | میخرید | خریدید | خریدهاید | بخرید |
| they | میخرند | خریدند | خریدهاند | بخرند |
Negation is نمیخرم، نخریدم، نخریدهام، نخرم. Present میخرم readily expresses a plan: فردا بلیت میخرم “I will buy a ticket tomorrow.”
من بیشتر میوه و سبزی را از بازار محله میخرم.
man bishtar-e mive va sabzi râ az bâzâr-e mahalle mi-kharam.
I buy most fruit and vegetables from the neighborhood market. (neutral standard; habitual source frame)
هنوز برای سفر بلیت نخریدهایم.
hanuz barâ-ye safar belit na-kharide-im.
We have not bought tickets for the trip yet. (neutral; nonspecific object and present perfect)
Object, seller, and beneficiary
Use را for an identified purchase and از for the seller, shop, website, or source. A person who benefits from the purchase takes برای; that person is not necessarily the seller.
این لپتاپ را از یک فروشگاه معتبر خریدم.
in lap-tâp râ az yek forushgâh-e mo'tabar kharidam.
I bought this laptop from a reputable shop. (neutral standard; specific object and commercial source)
برای تولد مادرم یک شال آبی خریدهام.
barâ-ye tavallod-e mâdar-am yek shâl-e âbi kharide-am.
I have bought a blue scarf for my mother's birthday. (neutral; beneficiary/purpose with برای)
این دوربین دستدوم را از چه کسی خریدی؟
in durbin-e dast-dovvom râ az che kasi kharidi?
Who did you buy this second-hand camera from? (neutral standard)
The inverse commercial event uses فروختن “sell”: buyer X را از Y میخرد, seller X را به buyer میفروشد. The direction of transfer determines از versus به.
Price and payment
A price may be a bare measure phrase—especially in conversation—or an explicit به قیمت phrase. Currency belongs to the price expression, not to a second direct object.
این میز را سه میلیون تومان خریدم و خودم تعمیرش کردم.
in miz râ se milyon tumân kharidam va khod-am ta'mir-ash kardam.
I bought this table for three million tomans and repaired it myself. (neutral conversation; bare price measure)
شرکت ساختمان را به قیمت توافقشده خرید.
sherkat sâkhtemân râ be qeymat-e tavâfoq-shode kharid.
The company bought the building at the agreed price. (formal commercial register)
پول چیزی را دادن means “pay the money for something,” while چیزی را خریدن presents the acquisition. English buy for ten dollars and pay ten dollars for it likewise choose different viewpoints.
خریدن versus خرید کردن
Simple خریدن selects the thing acquired. Noun-based خرید کردن usually means “shop/do the shopping” and may omit any particular item. به خرید رفتن also means “go shopping.”
بعد از کار باید خرید کنم؛ یخچال تقریبا خالی است.
ba'd az kâr bâyad kharid konam; yakhchâl taqriban khâli ast.
After work I need to do some shopping; the refrigerator is almost empty. (neutral; activity خرید کردن)
از فروشگاه نزدیک خانه شیر و تخممرغ خریدم.
az forushgâh-e nazdik-e khâne shir va tokhm-morgh kharidam.
I bought milk and eggs from the shop near home. (neutral; particular acquired items)
Compounds such as پیشخرید کردن “buy in advance,” خریدوفروش کردن “trade,” and بازخرید کردن “buy back/redeem” are lexical units. Their light verbs should not be inferred from English word order.
ما بلیت قطار را یک ماه زودتر پیشخرید کردیم.
mâ belit-e qatâr râ yek mâh zud-tar pish-kharid kardim.
We bought the train tickets a month in advance. (formal-neutral; پیشخرید کردن)
Passive and metaphorical uses
Productive passive خریده شدن profiles the purchased item and carries finite marking on شدن. It is grammatical, though formal commercial prose often prefers خریداری شدن, while active clauses naming the buyer can be clearer still. Review the general construction on Passive in Present and Past.
این اثر در حراج سال گذشته خریده شد.
in asar dar harrâj-e sâl-e gozashte kharide shod.
This work was purchased at last year's auction. (grammatical passive; formal commercial prose usually prefers خریداری شد)
Metaphorical وقت خریدن means “buy time” (formal/neutral), normally by delaying a decision or event. This extension is established, but many English metaphors with buy do not transfer automatically.
مذاکرهکنندگان با درخواست تنفس چند ساعت وقت خریدند.
mozâkere-konandegân bâ darkhâst-e tanaffos chand sâ'at vaqt kharidand.
By requesting a recess, the negotiators bought several hours of time. (formal metaphorical use)
Tehran speech
Everyday Tehran commonly has میخرم، میخری، میخره، میخریم، میخرین، میخرن (informal: Tehran). The stem remains خر, while third-person and plural endings reduce. Colloquial خرید کردم still means “I shopped,” not necessarily “I bought the specific item.”
— این کفشا رو از کجا خریدی؟ — از یه مغازه نزدیک میدون.
— in kafshâ ro az kojâ kharidi? — az ye maghâze nazdik-e meydun.
— Where did you buy these shoes? — From a shop near the square. (informal: Tehran)
فعلا چیزی نمیخرم؛ اول قیمتها رو مقایسه میکنم.
fe'lan chizi nemi-kharam; avval qeymat-hâ ro moqâyese mi-konam.
I'm not buying anything yet; first I'll compare the prices. (informal: Tehran)
Common Mistakes
1. Carrying خرید into the present
❌ او همیشه بلیت را آنلاین میخریدد.
Incorrect — this adds a present ending to past stem خرید; present uses خر.
✅ او معمولا بلیت قطار را آنلاین میخرد.
u ma'mulan belit-e qatâr râ ânlâyn mi-kharad.
He or she usually buys the train ticket online.
2. Double-marking the seller
❌ این ساعت را از همسایه را خریدم.
Incorrect — the seller takes از, not an additional را.
✅ این ساعت قدیمی را از همسایهمان خریدم.
in sâ'at-e qadimi râ az hamsâye-mân kharidam.
I bought this old watch from our neighbor.
3. Blending خریدن and خرید کردن
❌ دیروز یک کت گرم خریدم کردم.
Incorrect — this blends finite خریدم with the separate light-verb construction خرید کردن.
✅ دیروز برای زمستان یک کت گرم خریدم.
diruz barâ-ye zemestân yek kot-e garm kharidam.
Yesterday I bought a warm coat for winter.
4. Combining incompatible price markers
❌ این دوچرخه را به قیمت را پنج میلیون خریدم.
Incorrect — choose one price frame; به قیمت introduces the price without را.
✅ این دوچرخه را به قیمت پنج میلیون تومان خریدم.
in docharkhe râ be qeymat-e panj milyon tumân kharidam.
I bought this bicycle for five million tomans.
5. Mixing colloquial stem and standard ending
❌ آنها هر هفته از اینجا میخرهاند.
Incorrect — finite میخره cannot take an added standard perfect ending.
✅ آنها بیشتر وسایل دفتر را از اینجا میخرند.
ân-hâ bishtar-e vasâyel-e daftar râ az injâ mi-kharand.
They buy most office supplies from here. (standard)
Key Takeaways
- Memorize خریدن — خرید — خر — خریده, with command بخر and negative نخر.
- The purchased item is the object; the seller or commercial source takes از, and a beneficiary takes برای.
- Price can be a bare measure or follow به قیمت.
- خریدن acquires a particular item; خرید کردن normally describes the activity of shopping.
- Tehran میخره، میخرن is informal; standard prose uses میخرد، میخرند.
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