Breakdown of Hasta, sağ dizini bükmekte hâlâ zorlanıyor.
sağ
right
zorlanmak
to have difficulty
hâlâ
still (continuing)
hasta
patient (medical)
diz
knee
bükmek
to bend (something)
Questions & Answers about Hasta, sağ dizini bükmekte hâlâ zorlanıyor.
Why do we use bükmekte (locative) instead of bükmeyi (accusative) or bükmeye (dative) here?
The verb zorlanmak (to struggle / to have difficulty) requires the action you are struggling with to take the locative case. You take the infinitive bükmek (to bend) and add the locative suffix -te, creating bükmekte (literally "at bending").
Doesn't the -mAktA suffix mean the same thing as the present continuous -Iyor?
It often does! In formal Turkish, -mAktA is frequently used as a continuous tense suffix (so bükmekte can mean "is bending" if it's the main verb). However, in this sentence, it is just the infinitive -mAk plus the locative case -tA, acting as a noun complement for the actual main verb, zorlanıyor.
Can you break down the suffixes in the word dizini?
Certainly. The root is diz (knee). First, we add the 3rd person possessive suffix -i to get dizi (his knee). Because "his knee" is the specific direct object of the verb "bend", it needs the accusative case -i. Whenever you add a case ending to a 3rd person possessive, you must use the buffer consonant -n-. So it becomes diz + i + n + i = dizini.
How does the adjective zor (difficult) turn into the verb zorlanıyor?
It's built in steps. Starting with the adjective zor (difficult/hard), adding -la creates the verb zorlamak (to force). Then, adding the reflexive/passive suffix -n gives us zorlanmak, which literally means "to be forced" but is most commonly used to mean "to struggle" or "to have difficulty."
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