Learn Turkish: Bugün ölecek kadar yorgunum. - I am tired enough to die today.

The pattern -(y)AcAk kadar describes the degree of something by saying an action will happen. Here, öl- is the verb to die and -ecek is the future marker. Combined with kadar (as much as), it literally means to the point of dying or so much that I will die.

Why is there no personal suffix on ölecek to show that I am the one who might die?

In the -(y)AcAk kadar structure, you do not need a personal suffix on the first verb if the subject is the same for the whole sentence. The -um on yorgunum (I am tired) already tells us who is experiencing both the tiredness and the feeling of dying.

Why does ölecek kadar come before yorgunum?

In Turkish, adverbs and modifying phrases always come right before the word they describe. Because ölecek kadar acts as an adverb of degree telling us exactly how tired you are, it has to sit directly in front of the adjective yorgun.

Is ölecek kadar a common phrase in everyday Turkish?

Yes, it is a very common exaggeration, just like saying dead tired in English. You can easily attach it to other adjectives too, for example ölecek kadar açım (I am hungry enough to die).