Breakdown of Meteoroloji, göğün karanlık olacağını ve sağanak yağmur yağacağını tahmin ediyor.
ve
and
olmak
to be
yağmur
rain
yağmak
to rain / to snow
karanlık
dark
tahmin etmek
to guess, to predict
meteoroloji
meteorology
gök
sky
sağanak
downpour
Questions & Answers about Meteoroloji, göğün karanlık olacağını ve sağanak yağmur yağacağını tahmin ediyor.
How do we get from olmak to olacağını, and what does it mean here?
This uses the future complement clause structure from your current lesson. It is formed by the root ol-, the future suffix -acak (which softens to -acağ), the 3rd person possessive -ı (meaning 'its'), the buffer letter -n-, and the accusative case -ı. Literally, it means 'its future-being', which translates to 'that it will be'.
Why is 'sky' written as göğün with a genitive ending?
In Turkish complement clauses, the subject of the inner clause usually takes the genitive case. The main sentence is 'Meteorology predicts [something]'. The '[something]' is 'the sky's future-being dark'. Therefore, gök (sky) takes the genitive suffix -ün, becoming göğün (notice the k softens to ğ).
Why doesn't sağanak yağmur take the genitive case like göğün did?
Good catch! Usually, the subject of a complement clause takes the genitive case. However, when the subject is indefinite or general—like 'heavy rain' in general, rather than 'the heavy rain'—the genitive case is often dropped. So we say sağanak yağmur yağacağını instead of sağanak yağmurun yağacağını.
Why do both olacağını and yağacağını end with the accusative case (-ı)?
Because they both act as the direct objects of the main verb, tahmin ediyor (predicts). You predict a specific thing, so the entire clauses ('that the sky will be dark' and 'that heavy rain will fall') must take the accusative case marker to show they are receiving the action of the prediction.
Is it normal to say yağmur yağacağını (that rain will rain)? Isn't that redundant?
It is perfectly normal in Turkish! For weather events involving precipitation, Turkish pairs the noun with the verb yağmak (to fall/rain/snow). Just as you say kar yağıyor (it is snowing, literally 'snow is raining'), you say yağmur yağıyor for rain. Here, sağanak (heavy/pouring) modifies the noun yağmur.
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