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Questions & Answers about Umarım hasta değilsin.
What tense is used to make "umarım" (I hope)?
Umarım comes from the verb ummak (to hope). It uses the aorist tense (often called the simple present or broad tense), indicated by the -ar suffix, followed by the "I" ending -ım. In Turkish, "I hope" is almost always expressed this way, similar to how we usually say "I hope" rather than "I am hoping" in English.
Why isn't there a word for "that" like in the English translation "I hope THAT you are not sick"?
When you use umarım in Turkish, you don't need a connecting word like "that". You simply state umarım followed directly by the complete sentence you are hoping for, which here is hasta değilsin (you are not sick).
How does "değilsin" work to mean "you are not"?
The word değil means "not" and is used to negate nouns and adjectives like hasta (sick). To show who is not sick, you attach a personal ending directly to değil. Here, the -sin ending means "you are", making değilsin translate to "you are not".
Where are the words for "I" and "you" in this sentence?
Turkish usually drops pronouns like ben (I) and sen (you) because the word endings already do that job! The -ım on umarım tells us the subject is "I", and the -sin on değilsin tells us the subject is "you".