Breakdown of Sınırdan vize alabilir miyim?
almak
to take, to buy
mi
question particle (mı/mi/mu/mü)
sınır
border
vize
visa
Questions & Answers about Sınırdan vize alabilir miyim?
How do you build "alabilir miyim" (Can I get) piece by piece?
The verb root is al (from almak, to take/get). We add the ability suffix -abil, then the aorist/present tense marker -ir to make alabilir (can get). For the question, we use the particle mi, add the buffer letter -y-, and finally the personal ending -im (I). Together, alabilir miyim? asks "Can I get?" or "Is it possible for me to get?".
Why is the ability suffix -abil used here instead of -ebil?
The ability suffix follows two-way vowel harmony. Since the vowel in the verb root al is an 'a' (a back vowel), we use -abil. If the root had a front vowel, like in gelmek (to come), it would become gelebilir.
In English we might say "get a visa AT the border". Why does Turkish use sınırdan (from the border)?
The word sınır (border) takes the ablative ending -dan (from). In Turkish, verbs like almak (to take/get) strongly prefer the "from" case because you are physically or conceptually receiving something from a source.
Why is it just vize and not vizeyi?
Because you are asking for "a visa" in general, not a specific, previously mentioned visa. When a direct object is indefinite (meaning you would use "a" or "an" in English), it drops the accusative ending in Turkish and simply sits right next to the verb.