Learn Turkish: O köpek sağır, müziği duyamaz. - That dog is deaf, it cannot hear the music.

It starts with the root duy (hear). To show inability, we add the suffix -a. Finally, we add -maz, which is the negative aorist ending for "it". So duy-a-maz expresses a general or permanent inability to hear.

Why use the aorist negative (duyamaz) instead of the present continuous (duyamıyor)?

Because the dog is deaf (sağır), not being able to hear is a permanent fact, not just something happening right now. The aorist tense is the natural choice for general facts and permanent states in Turkish.

Why did müzik change to müziği in this sentence?

Since the dog cannot hear "the" music (a specific object), we need the accusative case suffix -i. When adding this vowel to müzik, the final k softens to a ğ (soft g), resulting in müziği.

Where is the word for "is" in O köpek sağır?

Turkish doesn't use a separate word for "is". Instead, "to be" is usually a suffix attached to the adjective or noun. For the "it" form, the suffix is often entirely blank, so O köpek sağır is a complete sentence meaning "That dog is deaf".