Learn Turkish: O inek süt vermez. - That cow does not give milk.

We use the aorist tense (often called the simple present in Turkish) for general facts, habits, or characteristics. Saying O inek süt vermiyor would mean "That cow is not giving milk right now," whereas vermez means it is a permanent characteristic of the cow—it generally does not produce milk.

How is the negative formed in the word vermez?

In the aorist tense, the negative for the 3rd person singular (he/she/it) is formed by adding the suffix -maz or -mez directly to the verb root. The root here is ver- (to give). Because of vowel harmony with the "e" in ver-, we use -mez, resulting in vermez.

Why is the word for milk just süt and not in the accusative case like sütü?

In Turkish, when a direct object is general and non-specific (like "milk in general" rather than "the milk"), it does not take the accusative case ending. Instead, it stays in its bare form and sits right before the verb.

Can O also mean "he", "she", or "it"? How do we know it means "that" here?

Yes, o is the standard pronoun for "he", "she", or "it". However, when o is placed directly in front of a noun like inek, it acts as an adjective pointing out a specific thing, meaning "that". Therefore, o inek translates to "that cow".