Learn Turkish: Sana kuralları açıklayayım. - Let me explain the rules to you.

We take the verb root açıkla- and add the optative ending. Because the root ends in a vowel, we need the buffer letter -y- before the optative -a-, followed by another buffer -y- and the personal ending -ım for "I". Together, the suffix -(y)ayım adds the meaning "let me".

Why does this sentence use "sana" instead of just "sen"?

The verb açıklamak (to explain) takes the dative case for the person receiving the explanation. We are literally saying "let me explain TO you". Sana is the special, irregular dative form of sen (you).

What are the suffixes on "kuralları"?

It is built from kural (rule) + -lar (plural suffix) + -ı (accusative suffix). We need the accusative case here because "the rules" are the specific direct object being explained.