Breakdown of Çok ders çalışıyor, çünkü sınav onun için çok önemli.
çok
very
çalışmak
to work / to study
ders
lesson, class
onun
his / her / its
Questions & Answers about Çok ders çalışıyor, çünkü sınav onun için çok önemli.
Why does the sentence use onun için instead of just o için?
When using için (for) with a personal pronoun (like I, you, he, she, it), the pronoun must take the genitive (possessive) ending. So, instead of o (he), we must use onun (his). Onun için literally looks like 'for his', but it translates to 'for him'.
Why use ders çalışıyor for 'studying'? Doesn't çalışıyor already mean that?
The verb çalışmak generally means 'to work'. To specifically say 'to study' (as in schoolwork or preparing for an exam), Turkish uses the phrase ders çalışmak, which literally translates to 'to work a lesson'.
There is no word for 'he' at the start of the sentence. How do we know who is studying?
In Turkish, the subject pronoun is often dropped because the verb gives it away. The verb çalışıyor ends with just the -yor present continuous suffix and has no extra personal ending. This tells us the subject is the third person singular: 'he', 'she', or 'it'.
How does çünkü (because) connect the two parts of this sentence?
Çünkü works exactly like 'because' does in English. It sits right between two complete thoughts to introduce the reason. The second part of the sentence, sınav onun için çok önemli (the exam is very important for him), keeps a normal sentence structure.