Learn Turkish: En şişman hayvan bu. - This is the fattest animal.

In English, we often add "-est" to the end of a word to make it the "most". In Turkish, you simply put the word en (most) directly in front of the adjective. So, şişman is "fat", and en şişman is "the fattest".

English uses "the" before superlatives like "the fattest". Why isn't there a word for "the" here?

Turkish doesn't have a separate word for "the". The word en combined with the adjective makes the phrase specific enough, so you just say en şişman hayvan to mean "the fattest animal".

Where is the word for "is" in this sentence?

In the Turkish present tense, the third-person "is" is usually left out. You don't need a separate verb here. Saying En şişman hayvan bu translates literally to "Most fat animal this", and the "is" is naturally understood by Turkish speakers.

Why is bu (this) at the very end instead of the beginning?

Turkish word order is flexible. While you can perfectly well say Bu en şişman hayvan (This is the fattest animal), putting bu at the end is very common in everyday speech. It shifts the focus slightly, acting a bit like saying "The fattest animal is this one."