Learn Turkish: Uçak trenden daha hızlı. - The plane is faster than the train.

In Turkish, comparisons use the "from" ending (-dan or -den). Here, the word tren (train) gets the ending -den, so trenden literally means "from the train" but acts as "than the train" in this context.

How do we form "faster" using daha?

Turkish doesn't have an "-er" ending for adjectives like English does. You simply place daha (more) right before the adjective. So daha hızlı literally translates to "more fast".

Why is the word order Uçak trenden daha hızlı?

A typical Turkish comparison follows this pattern: [Subject] + [Thing compared to + from ending] + daha + [adjective]. You state what you are talking about (Uçak), what you are comparing it to (trenden), and then give the description (daha hızlı).

Is a verb missing at the end of the sentence?

There is no visible "is" verb here. In simple descriptive sentences in Turkish, "is" is naturally understood. While you could add the factual ending -dır to make it hızlıdır, it is usually left off in everyday conversation.