Questions & Answers about Yeni işini kutluyoruz.
If I wanted to ask 'What are we celebrating?', how does the question word neyi fit in?
Because 'his new job' is a specific thing, you ask about it using Neyi kutluyoruz? (What specific thing are we celebrating?). The answer, Yeni işini, has the matching accusative -i ending that goes with neyi.
Why does iş (job) have the ending -ini?
It actually has two suffixes! First, -i makes it 'his job' (possessive). Then, because it is the specific object we are celebrating, it needs the accusative case suffix, which is also -i. The letter -n- is a buffer to separate the two vowels, giving us iş-i-n-i.
The dictionary form for 'celebrate' is kutlamak. Why does it become kutluyoruz and not kutlayoruz?
When a verb stem ends in a vowel (like kutla-), that vowel drops before adding the present continuous suffix. So, kutla drops the a, and takes -uyor to follow vowel harmony, becoming kutluyoruz.
How do we know it is 'his' new job if the word onun (his) is missing?
In Turkish, you can drop pronouns like onun (his/her) because the possessive ending on the noun already does the job. The first -i in işini tells us it belongs to him or her, making onun optional.
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