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In Turkish, you can easily turn a noun or adjective into a verb that means "to acquire" a feeling, quality, or state. This is especially useful when describing internal changes or shifting moods, like musicians getting motivated and gathering confidence before an orchestra concert.

### The Acquiring Suffix: -lan / -len

To express entering a state or taking on an emotion, attach the suffix **-lan** or **-len** directly to a noun or adjective. This creates a new verb stem, which can then be conjugated for tense and person just like any other verb.

The suffix follows two-way vowel harmony based on the final vowel of the root word:
- Roots with back vowels (a, ı, o, u) take **-lan** (e.g., *umut* becomes *umutlanmak*, to become hopeful).
- Roots with front vowels (e, i, ö, ü) take **-len** (e.g., *hareket* becomes *hareketlenmek*, to become active).

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### Nerves and Emotions

This suffix is incredibly common with nouns describing states of mind. Before a big performance, it is natural to acquire a range of feelings, from panic to courage.

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### Strength, Pride, and Anticipation

As the concert progresses and the audience reacts, the performers continue to acquire new states, like strength (*güç*), pride (*gurur*), and cheer (*neşe*). 

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You will also frequently see this suffix used to describe growing eager (*heveslenmek*) or impatient (*sabırsızlanmak*) as anticipation builds.

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Verbs of acquiring (-lan / -len)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
orchestra	orkestra
to become active / to get lively	hareketlenmek
The orchestra is gradually becoming active before the concert.	Orkestra konserden önce giderek hareketleniyor.
to get flustered / to panic (to become anxious or hurried)	telaşlanmak
The stage will be getting active before the musicians get flustered.	Müzisyenler telaşlanmadan önce sahne hareketleniyor olacak.
The orchestra got flustered suddenly.	Orkestra aniden telaşlandı.
to take courage / to be encouraged	cesaretlenmek
We applauded for him to take courage on stage.	Biz, onun sahnede cesaretlenmesi için alkışladık.
conductor / chief (orchestra or workplace)	şef
to become hopeful	umutlanmak
We became hopeful as much as the orchestra conductor smiled.	Orkestra şefi gülümsediği kadar biz de umutlandık.
to get enthusiastic / to be eager	heveslenmek
Moreover, the musician will be getting enthusiastic before going on stage.	Üstelik müzisyen sahneye çıkmadan önce hevesleniyor olacak.
The actors who do not practice will apparently not take courage on stage.	Pratik yapmayan oyuncular sahnede cesaretlenmeyecekmiş.
to grow impatient	sabırsızlanmak
The audience gradually grew impatient before the concert.	Seyirci konserden önce giderek sabırsızlandı.
Furthermore, the choir is also growing impatient to sing a song.	Ayrıca, koro da şarkı söylemek için sabırsızlanıyor.
to become proud	gururlanmak
I have the experience of becoming proud on that stage.	Benim o sahnede gururlanmışlığım var.
to get stronger	güçlenmek
The singer got stronger and became proud after the loud applause.	Şarkıcı güçlü alkışlardan sonra güçlendi ve gururlandı.
With the conductor's help, the choir got stronger by practicing repeatedly.	Koro şefin yardımıyla pratik yapa yapa güçlendi.
Even the musician who does not practice became hopeful at the concert.	Pratik yapmayan müzisyen bile konserde umutlandı.
to become cheerful	neşelenmek
If the audience is applauding, the director is getting cheerful.	Eğer seyirci alkışlıyorsa, yönetmen neşeleniyor.
Everyone will be getting enthusiastic before the music starts.	Müzik başlamadan önce herkes hevesleniyor olacak.
The orchestra became cheerful as much as the audience laughed.	Seyirci güldüğü kadar orkestra da neşelendi.