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### "And Stuff": The m- Reduplication

When you want to refer to a category of items casually, vaguely, or dismissively—meaning "...and stuff", "...and things like that", or "...or whatever"—Turkish uses a playful and very common reduplication pattern.

To form it, you simply repeat the noun but change its first sound to **m**.

- If the word starts with a consonant, replace the first letter with **m** (e.g., **kutu** becomes **kutu mutu**).
- If the word starts with a vowel, simply add an **m** to the beginning of the repeated word (e.g., **oda** becomes **oda moda**).

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### Adding Suffixes to Reduplications

When the noun in your sentence requires a grammatical suffix, such as a case ending to show direction or location, that exact same suffix must also be added to the made-up **m-** word.

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Notice how **hurca** (to the storage bag) is mirrored perfectly as **murca**.

### More Ways to Say "Junk"

Beyond making up your own **m-** words on the fly, Turkish has a few fixed, rhyming phrases to describe random clutter and trash. Two of the most common are **ıvır zıvır** (odds and ends / junk) and **çer çöp** (rubbish / trash). 

Like standard nouns, you add any necessary case endings to the final word in these pairs.

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Vague categories (m- reduplication)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
large storage bag	hurç
haphazardly	gelişigüzel
to cram / to stuff	tıkıştırmak
Don't cram clothes and stuff into the storage bags haphazardly.	Hurçlara gelişigüzel kıyafet mıyafet tıkıştırma.
to feel relieved / to become spacious	ferahlamak
odds and ends / junk	ıvır zıvır
We have to throw these odds and ends away in order to feel relieved.	Ferahlamak için bu ıvır zıvırı atmak durumundayız.
moth	güve
to gnaw	kemirmek
The moths are gnawing carpets and stuff.	Güveler halı malı kemiriyor.
mothball	naftalin
Shall we put mothballs so moths don't gnaw sweaters and stuff?	Güveler kazak mazak kemirmesin diye naftalin koyalım mı?
heirloom / keepsake	yadigâr
Let's at least leave some mothballs next to the heirlooms.	Bari yadigârların yanına biraz naftalin bırakalım.
rubbish / trash	çer çöp
You shouldn't have crammed those heirlooms into the same box as the rubbish.	O yadigârları çer çöp ile aynı kutuya tıkıştırmamalıydın.
You know that we will throw away boxes and stuff.	Kutu mutu atacağımızı biliyorsun.
You leave these odds and ends haphazardly because you are very lazy.	Şu ıvır zıvırı gelişigüzel bırakıyorsun çünkü çok tembelsin.
I haven't felt relieved at all since I last cleaned rooms and stuff.	Oda moda temizlemeyeli hiç ferahlamadım.
Are you selfish enough to sell the heirlooms haphazardly?	Yadigârları gelişigüzel satacak kadar bencil misin?
Stuffing that junk into a storage bag or whatever is unnecessary.	Şu çer çöpü hurca murca tıkıştırmak gereksiz.