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### The Time Duration Suffix "-DIr" (For)

While you use the postposition *beri* to express that an action has been ongoing "since" a starting point, you use the suffix *-DIr* to express "for" a duration of time. It attaches directly to the time expression to show exactly how long a situation has been continuing up to the present.

Like most Turkish suffixes, it adjusts according to 4-way vowel harmony (*-dır, -dir, -dur, -dür*) and consonant mutation (*-tır, -tir, -tur, -tür* after voiceless consonants).

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### General and Plural Durations

You are not limited to exact numbers. You can attach this suffix to general phrases like *uzun süre* (a long time), or to plural time nouns to mean "for months" (*aylardır*), "for days" (*günlerdir*), or "for years" (*yıllardır*).

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### Asking Questions and Expressing Endurance

To ask questions like "for how many hours", simply attach the suffix to the time word following the question word *kaç* (how many), creating phrases like *kaç saattir*.

Because *-DIr* describes ongoing, persistent situations, it pairs frequently with verbs and adjectives about patience (*sabırlı*), endurance (*dayanmak*), or eventually giving up (*pes etmek*).

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Time duration (-DIr)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
sleepless	uykusuz
I have been sleepless for two days.	İki gündür uykusuzum.
to endure	dayanmak
The man has been enduring the cold for three hours.	Adam üç saattir soğuğa dayanıyor.
period	süre
to continue	devam etmek
The meeting has been going on for a long time.	Toplantı uzun süredir devam ediyor.
difficulty	zorluk
to deal with	uğraşmak
We have been dealing with these difficulties for months.	Aylardır bu zorluklarla uğraşıyoruz.
to be fed up	bıkmak
I am fed up with dealing with this problem for years.	Yıllardır bu problemle uğraşmaktan bıktım.
patient	sabırlı
to give up (surrender, admit defeat)	pes etmek
They have been patient for ten hours, but you are giving up immediately.	Onlar on saattir sabırlı ama sen hemen pes ediyorsun.
There have been difficulties for days, but please do not give up, continue!	Günlerdir zorluklar var ama lütfen pes etme, devam et!
foot	ayak
For how many hours have you been on your feet and sleepless?	Kaç saattir ayakta ve uykusuzsun?
I have been patient for a long time, but I am fed up with this job.	Uzun süredir sabırlıyım ama bu işten bıktım.
We have been on our feet for five hours, we are tired but holding out.	Beş saattir ayaktayız, yorgunuz ama dayanıyoruz.
head	kafa
My head hurts a lot.	Kafam çok ağrıyor.
My head is not good today.	Bugün kafam iyi değil.
still (continuing)	hâlâ
I am still waiting after two hours.	İki saattir hâlâ bekliyorum.
Are you still sick?	Hâlâ hasta mısın?